Navegando por Autor "Fonseca, Maira Christina Marques"

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Intercropping coffee with Varronia curassavica Jacq. affects arthropod biodiversity
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-07-28) Marques, Daniel Maciel; Venzon, Madelaine; Fonseca, Maira Christina Marques; Martins, Elem Fialho; Bernardes, Rodrigo Cupertino; Vilela, Emerson Ferreira
Coffee is one of the most important commodities in Brazil, and the country is the largest producer of coffee berries in the world. The changes in the global perception of the importance of agricultural landscapes, climate change, contamination by pesticides and loss of biodiversity haves led to improve the research and the practices on more sustainable agroecosystem and food production. In this sense, companion crop plants can be powerful allies to promote sustainable agroecossystems, reducing the effects of climate changes and loss of biodiversity, as well as improving the natural pest control by offering plant resources needed by natural enemies, resulting in less crop damage by pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Varronia curassavica as companion crop to improve pest control of coffee leafminer (CLM) and coffee berry borer (CBB) and to increase the biodiversity, especially parasitoids and predators, as well as studying its protection to coffee plants. The first experiment was carried out in a coffee farm in Paula Cândido, in the Atlantic Forest biome, and the second in Patrocínio, in the Cerrado biome, both in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. At Paula Cândido, we sampled coffee plants for CLM and CBB from January and May of 2023. Biodiversity was also evaluated by sampling arthropods on coffee trees using entomological net and by tray beating. The effect of distance on the protection of coffee plants against CLM provided by V. curassavica was evaluate on transects in a farm where V. currassavica was associated to coffee in Patrocinio. No differences in infestation levels in diversified and conventional plots were observed in Paula Cândido, which was low probably due to chemical inputs and the rainy season. The total number of natural enemies sampled was not significant different in both plots, but diversified plots showed significant higher abundance of predators of Geocoridae and Linyphiidae families and parasitoids of Tachinidae and Chalcididae families. The mean infestation rate of Leucoptera coffeella on the diversified system in Cerrado was low and no differences were observed on the infestation levels across the transect. These results show that Varronia curassavica can be a suitable plant to be used in agroecossystems
Toxicity of organic farming‐compatible products to the coffee leaf miner
(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2013-03) Venzon, Madelaine; Krüger, Rodrigo Ferreira; Soto, Alberto; Tuelher, Edmar de Souza; Bonomo, Italo Santos; Fadini, Marcos Antonio Matiello; Fonseca, Maira Christina Marques
The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of organic farming‐compatible products to the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella. Lime sulphur, enriched Bordeaux mixture (Viça Café Plus), and the “supermagro” biofertilizer were first tested in laboratory. The most promising product was tested afterwards under field conditions. In laboratory, different concentrations of each product were applied on L. coffeella eggs and on infested coffee‐mined leaves. Only lime sulphur had ovicidal effects at an acceptable concentration (1.6%) for field applications, but no significant effect on larvae mortality was found. Enriched Bordeaux mixture and the “supermagro” biofertilizer had no effect on L. coffeella eggs and larvae. In the field trial, biweekly or monthly sprayings of lime sulphur at different concentrations caused population decrease after 30 days; however, this effect was not significant after 60 or 90 days.
Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Boraginaceae) as an agroecological tool for coffee pest management
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2022-08-04) Andrade, Fernanda Pereira; Venzon, Madelaine; Fonseca, Maira Christina Marques; Pallini Filho, Angelo
Coffee (Coffea sp.) is a crop of great relevance in agriculture. However, its productivity can be severely affected by the attack of pests, such as Leucoptera coffeella and Hypothenemus hampei. The coffee leaf miner, L. coffeella, is a key coffee pest in the Neotropics. The larvae feed on the parenchyma of coffee leaves decreasing the photosynthesis capacity and leading to significant losses in yield. The coffee berry borer, H. hampei, is the most damaging insect pest of coffee worldwide. This pest lives inside the coffee berry consuming the seeds thus reducing the quantity and quality of the coffee grains. The most common method of control to both pests is the use of synthetic pesticides, which have a low effectiveness due to the selection of resistant populations. Additionally, the excessive use of these products could have a severe impact in the environment and non-target individuals. An alternative for the management of these pests could be the use of specific plants and their secondary metabolites, such as the essential oils. Varronia curassavica is a medicinal species that produces an essential oil with a range of biological activities besides attracting natural enemies, such as the Chrysopidae. The specie Chrysoperla externa is an important biological control agent of a variety of pests, including L. coffeella and H. hampei. In this study, I investigate whether V. curassavica can be used in the management of L. coffeella and H. hampei and benefit their natural enemy C. externa. I performed a greenhouse experiment to evaluate if the association of V. curassavica plants with coffee plants would affect the oviposition of L. coffeella and its predator C. externa (Chapter I). The association of the V. curassavica plants with coffee plants didn’t affect L. coffeella oviposition, however, it increased the C. externa oviposition. I also investigate the effects of the V. curassavica essential oil in the oviposition and the development of eggs and mines of L. coffeella (Chapter II). The V. curassavica essential oil inhibited the oviposition of L. coffeella but did not affect the development of its eggs and mines. I evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of V. curassavica essential oil on H. hampei, assessing the mortality rates, the mobility of H. hampei, and the repellence of the essential oil to this pest (Chapter III). The essential oil of V. curassavica is toxic to H. hampei and affects its mobility, but it wasn’t repellent to the pest in the concentration tested. This study demonstrates that V. curassavica plant and its essential oil could be a safer alternative in the management of the key coffee pests. Keywords: Coffea sp. Leucoptera coffeella. Hypothenemus hampei. Chrysoperla externa.