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    Interactions of Ricoseius loxocheles (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and coffee leafrust
    (Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012-07-12) Oliveira, Cleber Macedo de; Pallini Filho, Angelo
    Coffee crops have economic losses due pests and diseases. Among them, the phytophagous mites deserve attention due to the reducing photosynthetic area caused on the leaves. Besides of mite damages, some pathogens also attack coffee plants, as the coffee rust fungus, Hemileia vastatrix (Uredinales). This pathogen cause yield losses around 30% in some varieties of Coffea arabica. Predatory mites from the Phytoseiidae family normally control phytophagous mites and can develop and reproduce using various alternative food sources than their primary prey, tetranychid mites. Within the Phytoseiidae family that is composed by carnivorous and pollen-feeding mites, we surveyed in the field the species Ricoseius loxocheles (De Leon) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on the necrosis area caused by coffee rust during its reproductive phase. Searching in the literature showed that there is little information related to this mite development, biological parameters and feeding habits. So, this study was carried out to assess the taxonomy, development, survivorship and reproduction parameters of R. loxocheles feeding on coffee rust fungus, its predation capacity on Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1971) and its reproductive success. Coffee rust supported the survival, development and reproduction of the phytoseiid mite and that it was not able to feed on different stages of O. ilicis. Survival and oviposition of R. loxocheles was only observed when this mite was in arenas with fungi. In arenas without fungi these parameters were equal as arenas without food. It is known that reproduction has a higher nutritional requirement than development. The fertility of R. loxocheles fed on coffee rust is highest that the other phytoseiid fed in others fungi or some mites or pollen. We suggest that this mite is a phytoseiid generalist and it is necessary more studies to measure the ability of this mite specie to feed on other food sources, such as herbivore mites pests of coffee crops. It is possible that R. loxocheles has a role in the control of coffee rust since it feeds on a large amount of rust uredospore.