Navegando por Autor "Ralisch, Ricardo"

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Earthworm communities in organic and conventional coffee cultivation
(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2009-08) Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina; Brown, George Gardner; Pasini, Amarildo; Fernandes, Juliana de Oliveira; Curmi, Pierre; Dorioz, Julie; Ralisch, Ricardo
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of organic and conventional coffee crops on biomass, population density and diversity of earthworms, in Lerroville, district of Londrina County, Paraná state, Brazil. Earthworm communities were sampled in three areas with organic coffee cultivation (CO1, CO2 and CO3), two with conventional coffee (CC1 and CC2), and a native forest fragment (MT). The soil of the areas CO1, CC1, and MT was classifi ed as Nitossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Kandiudox), while CO2, CO3, and CC2 were on Latossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Hapludox). Eight samples were taken in each area on two occasions, winter and summer, using the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) method in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The earthworms were handsorted and preserved in 4% formaldehyde, and were later weighed, counted and identifi ed. The highest earthworm biomass, both in winter and summer, occurred in the CO3 area. For population density, the higher numbers of individuals were found in CO1 and CO3. The highest number of species was identifi ed in the organic cultivation. The adoption of organic practices in coffee cultivation favored the diversity, density and biomass of earthworm communities.
Soil morphostructural characterization and coffee root distribution under agroforestry system with Hevea Brasiliensis
(Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 2021) Nunes, Amanda Letícia Pit; Cortez, Glassys Louise de Souza; Zaro, Geovanna Cristina; Zorzenoni, Thiago Ometto; Melo, Thadeu Rodrigues de; Figueiredo, Alex; Aquino, Gisele Silva de; Medina, Cristiane de Conti; Ralisch, Ricardo; Caramori, Paulo Henrique; Guimarães, Maria de Fátima
Land use and tillage practices may change soil structure and undermine sustainable agriculture; however, such changes are hardly identified in the short term. In this sense, agroforestry systems have been used to reduce soil degradation and promote sustainable production in coffee plantations. These areas are expected to have well-structured soils and hence improved root distribution. This study aimed to evaluate soil quality by the morphostructural and root distribution analyses comparing open-grown coffee and coffee in agroforestry systems with rubber trees for 19 years, in an Oxisol in northern Paraná State (Brazil). Treatments consisted of open-grown coffee (OG), coffee partially shaded by rubber trees (PSH), and coffee fully shaded by rubber trees (FSH). The mapping of morphostructural features and soil resistance to penetration in “cultural profile” walls identified changes in soil structure resulting from different tillage systems. Root distribution was better in coffee plants grown in PSH and FSH systems. At greater depths, cultural profiles of FSH and PSH showed a larger numbers of roots compared to OG. Among the three systems, PSH provided a better environment for root growth and distribution. This result could be attributed to the high biological activity and interaction between roots and aggregates in that profile. The FSH agroforestry system provided less compact morphological structures and more roots throughout the soil profile. The agroforestry systems presented fewer soil structural changes by tillage operations and lower values of soil penetration resistance. Coffee root distribution was an effective indicator of soil quality and consistent with the morphostructural characterization of cultural profile.