Navegando por Autor "Silva, Adilson Nunes da"

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Nitrate leaching through climatologic water balance in a fertigated coffee plantation
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013-11) Bortolotto, Rafael Pivotto; Bruno, Isabeli Pereira; Dourado-Neto, Durval; Timm, Luís Carlos; Silva, Adilson Nunes da; Reichardt, Klaus
Nitrate losses from soil profiles by leaching should preferentially be monitored during high rainfall events and during irrigation when fertilizer nitrogen applications are elevated. Using a climatologic water balance, based on the models of Thornthwaite and Penman Monteith for potential evapotranspiration, drainage soil water fluxes below the root zone were estimated in a fertigated coffee crop. Soil solution extraction at the depth of 1 m allowed the calculation of nitrate leaching. The average nitrate concentration in soil solution for plots that received nitrogen by fertigation at a rate of 400 kg ha -1 , was 5.42 mg L -1 , surpassing the limit of the Brazilian legislation of 10.0 mg L -1 , only during one month. For plots receiving 800 kg ha -1 of nitrogen, the average was 25.01 mg L -1 , 2.5 times higher than the above- mentioned limit. This information indicates that nitrogen rates higher than 400 kg ha -1 are potentially polluting the ground water. Yearly nitrate amounts of leaching were 24.2 and 153.0 kg ha -1 for the nitrogen rates of 400 and 800 kg ha - 1 , respectively. The six times higher loss indicates a cost/benefit problem for coffee fertigations above 400 kg ha -1 .
Soil profile internal drainage for a central pivot fertigated coffee crop
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011-11) Bortolotto, Rafael Pivotto; Bruno, Isabeli Pereira; Dourado-Neto, Durval; Timm, Luís Carlos; Silva, Adilson Nunes da; Reichardt, Klaus
Coffee cultivation via central-pivot fertigation can lead to fertilizer losses by soil profile internal drainage when water application is excessive and soils have low water retention and cation adsorption capacities. This study analyses the deep water losses from the top 1 m sandy soil layer of east Bahia, Brazil, cultivated with coffee at a high technology level (central-pivot fertigation), using above normal N fertilizer rates. The deep drainage (Q) estimation is made through the application of a climatologic water balance (CWB) program having as input direct measures of irrigation and rainfall, climatological data from weather stations, and measured soil water retention characteristics. The aim of the study is to contribute to the understanding of the hydric regime of coffee crops managed by central-pivot irrigation, analyzing three scenarios (Sc): i) rainfall only, ii) rainfall and irrigation full year, and iii) rainfall and irrigation dry season only. Annual Q values for the 2008/2009 agricultural year were: Sc i = 811.5 mm; Sc ii = 1010.5 mm; and Sc iii = 873.1 mm, so that the irrigation interruption in the wet season reduced Q by 15.7%, without the appearance of water deficit periods. Results show that the use of the CWB program is a convenient tool for the evaluation of Q under the cited conditions.