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Os efeitos da tributação na competitividade do agronegócio brasileiro : o ICMS e o café
(UNB - Universidade de Brasília, 2022-02-22) Bié, Aloisio Alves; Silva Júnior, Luiz Honorato da
Taxation affects the operation of the economy under various aspects. These effects vary, for example, depending on the supply curve and demand of the merchandise or service and the characteristics of the tax. One of the simplest direct and clear ways to understand the issue is to make an analytical cut and restrict analysis at a tribute and a merchandise. To this work ICMS were chosen, as better tribute to exemplify the distortions added by a tax in the economy, and coffee and their production chain as the taxed merchandise. The main points of distortion in tax incidence were raised in the literature and tax law. These points raised were exemplified, when possible, with practical applications in the coffee chain. The competitiveness of Brazilian agribusiness products has been ensured in recent decades with investment in knowledge and innovation. However, the Brazilian Tax System and its notorious complexity continues to represent a challenge for the modernization of the Brazilian economy. It is the challenge of the tax reform contained in Constitutional Amendment Proposal - PEC 110/2019. ICMS is pointed out by the productive sector as worse tax on this system and higher compliance cost. The problems of this tax raised and discussed in this work represent unnecessary costs to the productive sector and that will usually be passed on to the consumer. Historical competitiveness in the production of coffee may suffer from the incidence of this tax. The results show that the collection of tax at the origin, the calculation within the restriction of credits, the tax substitution, the return of export credits, the taxation on the investment and the method of including another tribute on its own Calculation taxes are anomalies that have shutting this tax and make their incidence more. The proposed tax reform faces some of these points. But reconciling the federative question is a challenge. Tax reform is still under discussion, but it is possible to glimpse a long way to overcoming the various critical ICMS issues. The fiscal situation of states also hinders greater advances. The dual VAT of the proposed reform is something new for Brazil. Everything is still a discussion and that's what this job intends to be. The critical points raised are real and strongly affect the economy. The improvement of the tax system is essential for the growth and development of the country and requires a reform committed to such assumptions.