Navegando por Autor "Souza, Carolina Augusto de"

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Adaptability and stability of Coffea arabica lines in the Western Amazon
(Editora UFLA, 2019-04) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Torres, Josemar Dávila; Silva, Camila Andrade; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros
Growing Coffea arabica in regions of the Western Amazon is limited by early maturation and by its limited adaptation to regions of low altitude and high temperature. The aim in this study was to quantify the genotype × environment interaction of C. arabica lines in four different environments of the Western Amazon, seeking to assist selection of new lines with greater adaptability and stability for the region. In the months of December 2012 and January 2013, four competitive trials were set up in municipalities of the states of Rondônia and Acre. Each trial was composed of 21 lines and 4 reference cultivars evaluated as controls recommended for planting in the southeast region. In combined analysis, significant differences were not detected between the cultivars and controls; the mean yield of hulled coffee was 12.05 bags ha -1 . The Alta Floresta Do Oeste environment has higher yield and is the only environment favorable for growing C. arabica; that environment is differentiated from the others through its higher altitudes and low temperatures. Through GGE biplot analyses, lines 12 and 13, identified as H514-7-10-6-9 and H514-7-10-6-2-3-9, were found to have results superior to the controls in the municipality of Alta Floresta Do Oeste, RO. The gain from selection of 56% obtained from line G12 and the gain of 46% obtained from line G13 show performance superior to the best control. The germplasm studied does not have genetic variability that contributes to selection of plants for adaptation to the low altitude and high temperatures in the amazonic region.
Beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in the western Amazon, Brazil
(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2021) Morais, Johnnescley Anes de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Souza, Carolina Augusto de
This study aimed to evaluate the beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in different environments of the western Amazon to assist plant selection and new cultivar development. To analyze beverage quality, samples of cherry coffee beans were collected separately for each genotype from clonal competition trials installed in the municipalities of Ouro Preto do Oeste, Alta Floresta do Oeste, Porto Velho, and Ariquemes in Rondônia State and Rio Branco in Acre State (Brazil). The beverage quality was assessed using the Robusta Cupping Protocol, which attribute to each genotype a score in a range from 0 to 100, highlighting nuances. Analysis of variance and principal components using reference points were used to quantify genotype x environment interaction (G x E). The analysis of variance indicated that genotypic and G x E interaction effects were significant (p < 0.01). By using a centroid dispersion method, we could identify four clones of low, eight of specific (to favorable or unfavorable environments), and seven of broad adaptability to the environments. The clones BRS 2314, 11, and 17 had average quality scores above 80 in all environments, with potential for specialty coffee production. The clones BRS 1216, BRS 3220, and BRS 3193 presented unstable behavior, with beans of higher quality in some of the evaluated environments. Such inconsistency in clone behavior is caused by unpredictable changes in plant performance in different environments. Our results indicate that both genotypic (clones) and G x E interaction effects are important for the expression of coffee beverage quality. However, the clones BRS 3213, BRS 3210, and BRS 2299 had less prominent nuances, with lower potential for specialty coffee production.
Beverage quality of most cultivated Coffea canephora clones in the Western Amazon
(Editora UFLA, 2020) Dalazen, Janderson Rodrigues; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Pereira, Lucas Louzada; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Souza, Carolina Augusto de
Most of the Western Amazon coffee production is made from growing unregistered clones, selected by the coffee growers themselves. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sensory profile and genetic diversity of the most cultivated Coffea canephora clones in the Western Amazon. Coffee samples at cherry stage of the clones 03, 05, 08, 25 and 66 were collected at eight municipalities in the main coffee growing zones, with altitudes ranging from 86 to 381 meters. Beverage quality was evaluated according to the Robusta Cupping Protocols and estimates of the genotype × environment interaction (GE) were made interpreting non-parametric and multivariate methods. The GE interaction was significant and the genetic component was also important to the expression of beverage quality (h2=82,23). The clones 25 and 05 have good attributes and mean score near 80 points. Sweetness was the sensory descriptor with the greatest impact on beverage quality of these two clones. Harshness was the descriptor that had the greatest negative impact on beverage quality of clone 66. The clones had complexities that differed and that were not necessarily associated with greater beverage quality. Despite the differences in their beverage attributes, these clones that are grown for their high productivity presented low genetic diversity of the beverage quality.
Caracterização da autoincompatibilidade gametofítica de acessos de banco ativo de germoplasma de Coffea canephora
(Embrapa Café, 2019-10) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Vieira Júnior, José Roberto; Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ramalho, André Rostand; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros
O Coffea canephora é uma espécie alógama que apresenta autoincompatibilidade gametofítica (AIG), de expressão governada por um único gene multialélico, identificado pela letra S. Na cafeicultura clonal o plantio de clones não compatíveis pode reduzir a produtividade e a qualidade dos grãos devido a menor eficiência da polinização e aumento na taxa de grãos do tipo moca. O objetivo desse trabalho é caracterizar a autoincompatibilidade de acessos do Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa quantificando a diversidade alélica e genotípica de uma população de melhoramento, fornecendo subsídios para manipulação dessa característica no desenvolvimento de novas variedades. Para isso foram realizadas hibridações in vitro entre 28 genótipos de um campo de hibridação contendo 80 matrizes das variedades botânicas Conilon e Robusta. Os procedimentos de hibridação in vitro se iniciaram um dia antes da antese, com a proteção dos ramos doadores utilizando sacos de papel do tipo kraft de 55x25cm e transferência dos estigmas das plantas receptora para meio de cultura (sacarose 10%). Os genótipos doadores de grãos de pólen BRS 1216, BRS 2299 e BRS 3193 foram utilizados como plantas testadoras dos grupos de compatibilidade I, II e III respectivamente. A polinização in vitro foi realizada no dia da antese com a raspagem dos grãos de pólen que é colocado em contato com apenas um dos dois estigmas de cada pistilo bífido. A compatibilidade das hibridações foi avaliada utilizando coloração com azul de anilina a 1% para visualização do desenvolvimento dos tubos polínicos utilizando microscopia de fluorescência. A eficiência de polinização foi estimada pela relação entre o número de estigmas fertilizados e o número total de estigmas polinizados. A utilização de plantas testadoras dos grupos de compatibilidade permitiu reduzir o número de hibridações necessárias para caracterizar os genótipos das plantas. A polinização in vitro resultou em uma taxa média de pegamento de 60,3% com amplitude de 11 a 85% de pegamento nas hibridações compatíveis. Entre os 28 clones caracterizados 17 genótipos (61%) foram incompatíveis com a planta testadora do grupo I, 5 clones (18%) apresentaram incompatibilidade com a planta testadora do grupo II e 6 clones (21%) foram incompatíveis com o testador do grupo III. Os resultados parciais da caracterização dessa população de melhoramento indicam a distribuição dos genótipos em três grupos de compatibilidade com as frequências dos alelos S 1 , S 2 e S 3 , estimadas em 0,39, 0,41 e 0,20 respectivamente. Apesar da diferença observada entre as frequências alélicas, as frequências genotípicas não diferem das proporções esperadas para uma população em Equilíbrio de Hardy Weinberg (EHW), com 1% de probabilidade. A caracterização do genótipo do gene S é importante, impactando na eficiência de polinização desse cultivo, com o favorecimento natural de cruzamentos compatíveis.
Characterization of beverage quality in Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner
(Editora UFLA, 2018-04) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Dalazen, Janderson Rodrigues; Fonseca, Aymbiré Francisco Almeida da
Differentiation of coffee according to its quality can result in added value. Both the coffee genotype and the environment influence beverage quality. The main species grown in the Amazon region is C. canephora, which includes two distinct botanical varieties: Conilon and Robusta. The aim of this study was to characterize beverage quality in C. canephora and distinguish the Conilon and Robusta botanical varieties and intervarietal hybrids. We evaluated the beverage quality of 130 superior clones from samples of hulled coffee collected in the experimental field of Embrapa Rondônia in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO, Brazil. The beverage was classified according to the Robusta Cupping Protocols, which also considers the nuances of the beverage, described as neutral, fruit-like, exotic, refined, and mild. The final mean values classified the Robusta botanical variety and the intervarietal hybrids as coffees with a premium beverage, and the Conilon botanical variety as usual good quality. The nuances of the Conilon botanical variety were found to be predominantly neutral (78%), as compared to the Robusta botanical variety and the intervarietal hybrids, which exhibited 50% and 44% of their beverages, respectively, with fruit-like, exotic, or mild nuances. The genetic parameters indicate that the genetic component was more important than the environmental in expression of coffee quality attributes. Genetic variability was observed in the population evaluated, except for the Uniform Cup and Clean Cup beverage attributes.
Componentes genéticos do desenvolvimento e maturação de frutos de Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner
(Editora UFLA, 2017-07) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Ramalho, André Rostand; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava
O ciclo de maturação dos frutos do cafeeiro Coffea canephora é uma característica de herança complexa, de expressão governada por vários genes influenciados pelo ambiente, o que resulta em uma característica quantitativa de distribuição contínua. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar os componentes genéticos do ciclo de maturação dos frutos de C. canephora visando caracterizar o mecanismo de herança e a influência do ambiente na expressão dessa característica. Para isso foram avaliados o número de dias e a soma térmica para a maturação dos frutos de 130 clones, avaliados ao longo de 36 meses, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com seis repetições de quatro plantas por parcela no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste - RO. Os valores genotípicos e os componentes de variância foram estimados utilizando-se métodos de Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML) e Melhor Predição Linear Não Viesada (BLUP) e a dissimilaridade entre os genótipos quantificada utilizando técnicas de agrupamento hierárquico. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos indicam maior acurácia da soma térmica para estimar o ciclo de maturação dos frutos, e uma predominância do efeito genotípico na expressão dessa característica. No dendrograma foi possível observar três grupos de maturação distintos que se mantiveram ao longo do tempo. Também foram observados genótipos (20%) que apresentaram mudanças em sua classificação devido à ação do ambiente. A quantificação da eficiência da seleção e o agrupamento dos clones de ciclo de maturação semelhante subsidiam o desenvolvimento de novas variedades de maior uniformidade de maturação de frutos.
Environmental stratification and performance of Coffea canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Moraes, Marcos Santana; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Ferreira, Fábio Medeiros; Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara
Change in the performance of clones grown in different environments is an important question for Coffea canephora breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental stratification and the performance of C. canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon. For that purpose, the mean yield of three crop seasons was considered to evaluate the performance of 20 genotypes grown in 6 clonal competition trials in the environments of: E1: Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, E2: Porto Velho-RO, E3: Ariquemes-RO, E4 and E5: Rio Branco-AC and E6: Alta Floresta do Oeste-RO. The trials were conducted with a plant spacing of 3 m × 1.5 m in a complete block experimental design, with three replications of eight plants per plot. Combined analysis indicated significance of the genotype × environment (G×E) interaction and favorable conditions to obtain gains from selection. Reduction in the dimensionality estimated from climate and soil characteristics indicated that the environments of Porto Velho-RO, Rio Branco-AC and Ariquemes-RO are more similar to each other than the environments of Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO and Alta Floresta-RO of greater natural soil fertility and higher altitude. The AMMI1 biplot shows that genotypes 16, 10, and 13 had the highest mean yields, together with greater stability. In the AMMI2 scatterplot (IPCA1×IPCA2), the environ ments E4 and E5 were clustered in the same sector. Clustering based on the complex fraction of the G×E interaction coincided with the AMMI2 scatterplot that clustered the E4 and E5 environments in a single mega-environment. Except for these environments, all the others clustered as locations of different biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This result shows the importance of maintaining evaluations in these environments, which represent the conditions of the coffee fields in the region.
Expression of self-incompatibility in Coffea canephora genotypes grown in the western Amazon
(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2022-12-05) Depolo, Rodrigo Prado; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara
The objective of this work was to characterize the expression of gametophytic self-incompatibility in a Coffea canephora breeding population, to assist in the management and development of new cultivars. For that purpose, 550 in vitro pollinations were carried out among 62 parent plants, of which 27 were from the conilon botanical variety and 35 from the robusta. Thirty-two genotypes compatible with all previously known testers were identified, suggesting the existence of new compatibility groups. From these results, hybridizations were carried out in a complete diallel design with reciprocal crosses to characterize new test plants. Based on the compatibility response with the test plants, the genotypes were clustered into the six following groups: group I, 11 (17.74%) genotypes; group II, 13 (20.97%); group III, 6 (9.68%); group IV, 9 (14.52%); group V, 8 (12.90%); and group VI, 15 (24.19%). The genotypes of the botanical variety robusta show a higher frequency of plants in compatibility group VI and a greater genetic variability, whereas those of the conilon variety have a higher frequency of plants in compatibility group II. The identification of new compatibility groups assists in new management practices that seek to increase the efficiency of pollination by favoring, through natural means, fully compatible crosses.
In vitro pollination and fluorescence microscopy for characterization of gametophytic selfincompatibility of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner
(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2021-11-20) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos; Lopes, Tatiane Almeida; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba
The objectives of this study were to optimize in vitro pollination and fluorescence microscopy procedures to characterize the gametophytic selfincompatibility of Coffea canephora genotypes. For that purpose, 115 in vitro pollinations were carried out among 30 parent plants of the Conilon (17) and Robusta (13) botanical varieties. Tester plants of compatibility groups I, II, and III were used as pollen grain donors. On the day of anthesis, pollen grains of the donor genotypes were transferred in vitro to one of the sides of the bifid stigma of each receptor flower. After 30 hours, the development of the pollen tubes was evaluated in fluorescence microscopy. Eleven genotypes (37%) were classified in compatibility Group I, thirteen (43%) in Group II, and six (20%) in Group III. In vitro pollination allowed reduction in the time necessary to diagnose compatibility, without exhibiting contamination caused by the presence of pollen grains of non-donor plants.