Química Nova

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/13323

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Resultados da Pesquisa

Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 18
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    Variações de curto prazo nas emissões de CO2 do solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo do cafeeiro
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2009) D’Andréa, Alexandre Fonseca; Silva, Marx Leandro Naves; Curi, Nilton; Freitas, Diego Antonio França de; Roscoe, Renato; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo
    Soil CO2 emissions represent an important component of carbon global cycle. However, information about short-term alterations of CO2 fluxes in soils of tropical regions are scarce. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate such variations in coffee plantations in Latosol (Oxisol). The CO2 emissions were not affected by environmental abiotic factors, such as temperature and soil water evaporation, but they were significantly correlated with the carbon content of microbial biomass (R=0.90, P<0.05). It happens a close relationship between root activity and soil CO2 emission in coffee plantations.
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    Benefícios do café na saúde: mito ou realidade?
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2009) Alves, Rita C.; Casal, Susana; Oliveira, Beatriz
    Coffee is widely consumed and appreciated all over the world, both for their stimulating effect and organoleptic characteristics. Due to its complex chemical composition and the factors involving brews preparation, the consumer is exposed to a wide range of chemical compounds. Several investigations aimed to clarify and understand coffee health effects. There is no evidence that moderate consumption could be harmful. On the contrary, some benefits and possible protective effects against several pathologies have been suggested. This review compiles the main conclusions related with the "coffee and health" topic, reporting, when possible, the chemicals involved.
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    Produção e caracterização de carvão ativado produzido a partir do defeito preto, verde, ardido (PVA) do café
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2009) Ramos, Paulize H.; Guerreiro, Mário C.; Resende, Eliane C. de; Gonçalves, Maraísa
    The black, green and sour coffee defect (PVA) contributes with 20% of the total coffee production. It should be separate from the normal coffee grains in order to improve the final quality of the beverage. In this way, the present work has the objective to use the PVA reject for the production of activated carbon. The activated carbon (CA) was prepared from PVA defect using zinc chloride as activating agent. The prepared material (CA PVA) was characterized and the adsorption tests were carried out using as organic models methylene blue (AM) and reactive red (VR). The CA PVA revealed to be more efficient in the removal of the organic contaminants compared to a commercial activated carbon.
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    Compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante do café conilon submetido a diferentes graus de torra
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2009) Morais, Sérgio Antônio Lemos de; Aquino, Francisco José Tôrres de; Nascimento, Priscilla Mendes do; Nascimento, Evandro Afonso do; Chang, Roberto
    The bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity presented by Conilon coffee (C. Canephora) variety, produced in the Espírito Santo State, Brazil, were quantified. The light roast coffee showed the highest level of total phenols, trigonelline, caffeic and chlorogenic acids. The proanthocyanidin level was the highest for dark roast coffee, while caffeine level didn't show significative changes for the light and middle roast coffees. All the Conilon coffee extracts showed antioxidant activity depending on bioactive compounds concentration and roasting degree. The coffee samples submitted to a light roasting degree showed the highest antioxidant activity.
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    Composição volátil dos defeitos intrínsecos do café por CG/EM-headspace
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2009) Bandeira, Raquel D. C. C.; Toci, Aline T.; Trugo, Luiz C.; Farah, Adriana
    About 20% of Brazilian raw coffee production is considered inappropriate for exportation. Consequently, these beans are incorporated to good quality beans in the Brazilian market. This by-product of coffee industry is called PVA due to the presence of black (P), green (V) and sour (A) defective beans which are known to contribute considerably for cup quality decrease. Data on the volatile composition of Brazilian defective coffee beans are scarce. In this study, we evaluated the volatile composition of immature, black-immature, black defective beans and PVA compared to good quality beans. Potential defective beans markers were identified.
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    Indicadores químicos de qualidade da matéria orgânica de solo da sub-bacia do Rio das Mortes sob manejos diferenciais de cafeeiro
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2008) Oliveira Júnior, Antônio Claret; Silva, Carlos Alberto; Curi, Nilton; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto Guimarães; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos
    This work evaluated the chemical quality of organic matter (OM) of a Brazilian Oxisol cultivated with coffee plants, under organic and conventional managements. Total organic C (TOC), light fraction C (LF-C) and C in humic (HA-C) and fulvic (FA-C) acids fractions was measured. Amongst the evaluated indexes, TOC and LF-C discriminated better OM attributes as a function of management. The stratification ratio (TOC5-10cm/TOC10-20cm) did not show differences between the systems studied. The organic system can contribute to the sustainability of coffee plantations in Brazil, because it maintains the chemical attributes of OM closer to the indexes verified under forest conditions.
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    Materiais à base de óxido de ferro para oxidação de compostos presentes no efluente da despolpa do café
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2008) Gonçalves, Maraísa; Guerreiro, Mário César; Oliveira, Luiz Carlos Alves; Rocha, Cristian Luciana da
    Materials based on pure iron oxide and impregnated with niobia (Nb2O5) were prepared. Their catalytic activities were tested on the oxidation of compounds present in the wastewater from the processing of coffee berries. Particularly caffeine and catechol were tested. The oxidation reactions were carried out with the following systems (i) UV/H2O2, (ii) photo-Fenton and (iii) heterogeneous Fenton. All materials were characterized with X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer and infrared spectroscopy. Iron was mainly in the forms of goethite and maghemite. The oxidation kinetics were monitored by UV-vis and the oxidation products were monitored by mass spectrometry. The photo-Fenton reaction presented highest oxidation efficiency, removing 98% of all caffeine and catechol contents.
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    Preparação de carvão ativado em baixas temperaturas de carbonização a partir de rejeitos de café: utilização de FeCl3 como agente ativante
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2008) Pereira, Elaine; Oliveira, Luiz C. A.; Vallone, Andréa; Sapag, Karim; Pereira, Márcio
    Ferric chloride as a new activating agent was used to obtain activated carbons from agroindustrial waste. This material was prepared at three temperatures of pyrolysis, 200, 280 and 400 ºC. The carbonaceous materials obtained after the activation processes showed high specific surface areas (BET), with values higher than 900 m² g-1. The materials showed different behaviors in the adsorption of methylene blue dye and reactive red textile dye in water solutions. An important fact in the use of FeCl3 as an activating agent is that the activation temperature is at 280 ºC, well below of those commonly employed in chemical or physical activations described in the literature.
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    Supercritical CO2 recovery of caffeine from green coffee oil: new experimental solubility data and modeling
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2008) Azevedo, Álvaro Bandeira Antunes de; Kieckbusch, Theo Guenter; Tashima, Alexandre Keiji; Mohamed, Rahoma Sadeg; Mazzafera, Paulo; Melo, Silvio Alexandre Beisl Vieira de
    The caffeine solubility in supercritical CO2 was studied by assessing the effects of pressure and temperature on the extraction of green coffee oil (GCO). The Peng-Robinson¹ equation of state was used to correlate the solubility of caffeine with a thermodynamic model and two mixing rules were evaluated: the classical mixing rule of van der Waals with two adjustable parameters (PR-VDW) and a density dependent one, proposed by Mohamed and Holder² with two (PR-MH, two parameters adjusted to the attractive term) and three (PR-MH3 two parameters adjusted to the attractive and one to the repulsive term) adjustable parameters. The best results were obtained with the mixing rule of Mohamed and Holder² with three parameters.
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    Preparação e caracterização de carvão ativado produzido a partir de resíduos do beneficiamento do café
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2008) Brum, Sarah Silva; Bianchi, Maria Lucia; Silva, Vanésia Liane da; Gonçalves, Maraísa; Guerreiro, Mário César; Oliveira, Luiz Carlos Alves de
    Coffee fruit processing is one of the most polluting activities in agriculture due to the large amount of waste generated in the process. In this work, coffee parchment was employed as precursor for the production of carbons activated with ZnCl2 (CAP). The material was characterized using N2 adsorption/desorption at 77 K, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The material showed a surface area of 521.6 m²g-1 and microporous structure. CAP was applied as adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye in aqueous medium. The adsorption capacity was found to be about 188.7 mg g-1.