Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10362
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Item Quality of coffee beans from peeled green fruits after temporary immersion in water(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2020) Coelho, Ana P. de F.; Silva, Juarez de S. e; Carneiro, Antônio P. S.; Melo, Evandro de C.; Silva, Camilla S. da; Lisboa, Cristiane F.The harvest of green coffee fruits affects their quality; they should be separated from the ripe fruits during processing. The proportion of harvested green fruits can be high, requiring information and technologies to adequately manage and add value to coffee beans from this fruit category. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of coffee beans from green fruits separated during a wet processing and peeled after temporary immersion in water. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of six treatments (ripe peeled coffee fruits dried on suspended yards, non-peeled green coffee fruits under traditional dry management on a concrete yard, and peeled and non-peeled green coffee fruits temporarily immersed in water and dried on suspended and concrete yards) and four replications, in the 2018 crop season. Samples of coffee beans temporarily immersed in water were peeled and separated into peeled and non-peeled fractions and dried in suspended and concrete yards. The peeling yield of green coffee beans and the physical and sensorial characteristics of the processed coffee beans were evaluated. The mean peeling yield was 62% and allowed the separation of more developed green fruits, equating them to ripe peeled coffee beans regarding physical and sensorial quality.Item Desempenho de sistemas alagados no tratamento de águas residuárias do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2010-12) Fia, Ronaldo; Matos, Antonio T. de; Queiroz, Maria E. L. R. de; Cecon, Paulo R.; Fia, Fátima R. L.Nove sistemas alagados (SACESHs) foram construídos em escala piloto (1,5 m de comprimento, 0,5 de largura e 0,4 m de profundidade), cultivados com Typha sp. e Alternanthera phyloxeroides, e operados sob diferentes taxas de aplicação orgânica, no tratamento da água residuária do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro (ARC). Três sistemas receberam ARC sem nenhum pré-tratamento, em três foi aplicada ARC com correção de pH e correção nutricional e nos três últimos os efluentes de filtros anaeróbios utilizados no tratamento da ARC, que teve o pH e o teor de nutrientes corrigidos. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento nas taxas de carga superficial dos constituintes da ARC no sistema proporcionou decréscimo na eficiência de remoção de matéria orgânica e compostos fenólicos, em todos os SACESHs avaliados. Os tempos de detenção hidráulica superiores a 100 h proporcionaram maiores eficiências na remoção de DQO (SAC *1 , SAC F1 e SAC F2 ) e DBO (SAC 1 , SAC *1 , SAC F2 e SAC F3 ) que os tempos de detenção hidráulica de aproximadamente 60 h aplicados nas fases iniciais do experimento. Entre os SACESHs, o SAC F1 , que recebeu a menor taxa de aplicação orgânica (1.500 kg ha -1 d -1 de DQO), apresentou desempenho mais satisfatório no que se refere à remoção de DBO (63%), DQO (85%) e compostos fenólicos (65%).Item Development of biofilm in anaerobic reactors treating wastewater from coffee grain processing(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2010-02) Fia, Fátima R. L.; Borges, Alisson C.; Matos, Antonio T. de; Duarte, Iolanda C. S.; Fia, Ronaldo; Campos, Lidiane C. deIn recent decades the use of anaerobic fixed bed reactors has been established in Brazil for the treatment of different effluents. As the capability of retaining microorganisms by support media (fixed bed) is a factor influencing the perfor- mance of these reactors, the present study aims at evaluating the influence of three fixed bed on the effectiveness of treating an effluent with high pollution potential: wastewater from coffee grain processing (WCP), with organic matter concentrations varying from 812 to 5320 mg L -1 in the form of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Support media used for the immobilization of biomass were: blast furnace slag, polyurethane foam and #2 crushed stone with porosities of 53, 95 and 48%, respectively. The mean efficiency of COD removal in the reactor filled with polyurethane foam was 80%, attributed to its higher porosity index, which also provided greater retention and fixation of biomass which, when quan- tified as total volatile solids, was found to be 1301 mg g -1 of foam. The biofilm was made up of various microorganisms, including rod, curved rods, cocci, filaments and morphologies similar to Methanosaeta sp. and Methanosarcina sp.Item Ozonated water in the post-harvest treatment of coffee fruits(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2016-09) Brandão, Fernando J. B.; Biaggioni, Marco A. M.; Sperotto, Felipe C. S.; Fujita, Erika; Santos, Paula L.; Silva, Magnun A. P. daOzone is used in many countries for the treatment of effluents, becoming a viable alternative in sanitation of coffee wastewater. However, the strong ozone oxidation, responsible for its germicidal effect, can also compromise grain and beverage quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of Arabica coffee in different periods of treatment with ozonated water and its effect after drying. Coffee fruits were subjected to ozonation at regular intervals of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min, with continuous stirring promoted by a recirculating water system at constant rate of 1 ppm of solubilized ozone. The design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replicates. After obtaining the data, the analysis of variance was performed and means were compared by Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The results showed a partial reduction of fungi after washing with ozonated water, but the same effect was not observed after drying. For coffee quality analysis, the longest times of exposure to the solubilized gas in the water produced some negative results in electrical conductivity and total and reducing sugars. However, the sensory quality of the beverage was maintained.Item Preservation of roasted and ground coffee during storage. Part 2: Bulk density and intergranular porosity(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2016-07) Corrêa, Paulo C.; Oliveira, Gabriel H. H. de; Vasconcelos, Wander L.; Vargas-Elías, Guillermo A.; Santos, Fábio L.; Nunes, Eduardo H. M.The determination of physical properties is an important factor in the design of machinery and the scaling of post-harvest operations. The present study evaluates the influence of the level of roasting and the size of grinding on the physical properties of coffee during storage. The following physical properties were evaluated: true and bulk density, and intergranular porosity. Raw coffee beans (Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica), hulled and dried, were roasted to two different levels: medium light (SCAA#65) and moderately dark (SCAA#45). The beans were then grinded into three different sizes: fine (0.59 mm), medium (0.84 mm) and coarse (1.19 mm). An additional coffee lot was kept whole. Following grinding, samples were stored at two different temperatures (10 and 30 oC) and analyzed after five different storage durations (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days). The medium light roast had higher values for each of the measured physical properties. Finely ground samples had higher true and bulk densities, and porosities. It is concluded that the size of grinding, level of roasting and duration of storage significantly affect the physical properties of coffee.Item Preservation of roasted and ground coffee during storage Part 1: Moisture content and repose angle(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2016-06) Corrêa, Paulo C.; Oliveira, Gabriel H. H. de; Oliveira, Ana P. L. R. de; Vargas-Elías, Guillermo A.; Santos, Fábio L.; Baptestini, Fernanda M.The present study evaluates the influence of the level of roasting and the grind size on the moisture content and repose angle of coffee during storage. Raw coffee beans (Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica), hulled and dried, were roasted to two different levels: medium light (SCAA#65) and moderately dark (SCAA#45). The beans were then ground into three different grind sizes: fine (0.59 mm), medium (0.84 mm) and coarse (1.19 mm). An additional coffee lot was kept whole. Following grinding, samples were stored at two different temperatures (10 and 30 oC) and analyzed after five different storage durations (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days). The moderately dark roast was found to have a lower moisture content. Finely ground samples had higher angles of repose. It is concluded that the grind size, level of roasting and duration of storage significantly affect the moisture content and angle of repose of coffee.Item Simultaneous optimization of coffee quality variables during storage(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2017-01) Abreu, Giselle F. de; Rosa, Sttela D. V. F. da; Cirillo, Marcelo A.; Malta, Marcelo R.; Clemente, Aline C. S.; Borém, Flávio M.The objective of the study was to use methodology of simultaneous optimization of multiple responses applied to an experimental design to determine the best combination of storage period and conditions for preservation of coffee beans. Coffea arabica L. fruits were harvested in the ripe stage of maturation, processed using wet and dry methods, and dried to 11% (wet basis) moisture content. Part of the beans was hulled, while the other part was hulled only after the beans were stored under two different environmental conditions: cooled air at 10 oC with 50% relative humidity; and at 25 oC without controlling the relative humidity. Samples were taken at 3, 6, and 12 months intervals in order to evaluate quality. The data were submitted to the simultaneous optimization of responses for each processing and hulling condition separately, in a completely randomized design and 2 x 3 factorial scheme (two storage conditions and three storage periods). In conclusion, the use of the simultaneous optimization of responses is viable to be applied for determining the ideal storage conditions in a refrigerated condition.Item Modeling of operational performance parameters applied in mechanized harvest of coffee(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2016-10) Cunha, João P. B.; Silva, Fabio M. da; Andrade, Ednilton T. de; Carvalho, Luis C. C.In super-mechanized coffee harvesting system, all operations are performed mechanically. In order to improve the logistics of mechanized agricultural operations, the knowledge on the variables that affect the operational performance can generate models to accurately estimate these parameters. The use of response surface methodology (RSM) allows to verify the influence of different independent variables and the generated response to allow for a great value. This study aimed to verify, using RSM, the influence of speed, mean length of rows and the slope of the areas on the operational performance parameters in different mechanized operations in coffee production, such as: harvest, sweeping and gathering. The results show that the slope directly influences the operational performance of the mechanical harvesting of coffee. The RSM proved to be an important tool to verify the effect of variables on performance parameters, and the generated models showed high significance.Item Simulation of the internal environment of a post-harvest installation and a solar dryer of coffee(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2016-02) H., Robinson Osorio; G., Lina M. Guerra; Tinôco, Ilda F. F.; Martins, José H.; Souza, Cecília de F.; S., Jairo A. OsorioThis study aimed to make a simulation of the internal environment of an installations for coffee post-harvest and a parabolic solar dryer, specifically analyzing the effect of natural ventilation on the temperature and relative humidity inside these buildings. The ventilated coffee-processing plant and the solar dryer with the largest natural ventilation area showed the best results to preserve the quality of coffee grain.Item Use of classifier to determine coffee harvest time by detachment force(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2018-09) Barros, Murilo M. de; Silva, Fábio M. da; Costa, Anderson G.; Ferraz, Gabriel A. e S.; Silva, Flávio C. daCoffee quality is an essential aspect to increase its commercial value and for the Brazilian coffee business to remain prominent in the world market. Fruit maturity stage at harvest is an important factor that affects the quality and commercial value of the product. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a classifier using neural networks to distinguish green coffee fruits from mature coffee fruits, based on the detachment force. Fruit detachment force and the percentage value of the maturity stage were measured during a 75-day harvest window. Collections were carried out biweekly, resulting in five different moments within the harvest period. A classifier was developed using neural networks to distinguish green fruits from mature fruits in the harvest period analyzed. The results show that, in the first half of June, the supervised classified had the highest success percentage in differentiating green fruits from mature fruits, and this period was considered as ideal for a selective harvest under these experimental conditions.