Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10362
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Item Inoculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with sugar cane juice as a starter culture in coffee (Coffea arabica) fermentation(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2024-01) Ladino-Garzon, Wilmer L.; Barrios-Rodríguez, Yeison F.; Amorocho-Cruz, Claudia M.This study aims to evaluate the effect of sugarcane juice and the addition of commercial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. bayanus (≥ 1 × 1010 cfu/g) during the fermentation of coffee to the beverage’s sensory characteristics and the coffee bean’s chemical composition. A completely randomized experimental design with two replicates is carried out for four treatments, distributed as follows: i) water addition (0.78 kg), ii) sugar cane juice addition (0.78 kg), iii) sugar cane juice addition (0.78 kg) combined with yeast Oenoferm® Freddo (0.12 g) and iv) sugar cane juice addition (0.78 kg) combined with yeast Oenoferm® Color (0.12 g). After fermentation and drying, the samples were subjected to medium roasting and analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and sensory analysis according to the methodology of the Specialty Coffee Association. The implementation of organic additives directly affected the attributes and sensory notes, allowing coffee to be classified as a specialty coffee with a score above 80 points. Adding sugar cane juice or a combination of sugar cane juice and Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed promising results in improving coffee beverage quality. Additionally, chemometric analysis of the infrared spectrum showed that the chemical characteristics of roasted coffee were affected, which correlated with the sensory results. The addition of cane juice only (T2) and the Oenoferm® Freddo yeast strain (T3) presented the best sensory quality.Item Management strategies for Anredera cordifolia in coffee culture(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2023-04-03) Silva, Paulo V. da; Ferrari, Andrea; Melo, Karolainy T. da S.; Dias, Roque de C.; Schedenffeldt, Bruna F.; Monquero, Patricia A.; Salmazo, Pedro A. V.; Medeiros, Elias S. de; Bicalho, Carolina C.; Mauad, MunirCoffee plantations installed at high altitudes and near forested areas have been highly infested with Anredera cordifolia. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments on A. cordifolia after mechanical mowing. A field experiment was carried out in a coffee plantation with natural infestation of A. cordifolia in a completely randomized design with a split-plot scheme and four replicates, in which the main plot an herbicides application and the subplot was the days after the initial application (DAI). The treatments were as follows: saflufenacil + glyphosate (70 + 960 g a.i. ha-1); chlorimuron + glyphosate (80 + 960 g a.i. ha-1); metsulfuron + glyphosate (6 + 960 g a.i. ha-1); flumioxazin + glyphosate (25 + 960 g a.i. ha-1), and glyphosate (960 g a.i. ha-1); with sequential application of glyphosate (960 g a.i. ha-1); glyphosate + indaziflam (960 + 75 g a.i. ha-1); indaziflam (75 g a.i. ha-1); and a control without herbicide application. Mechanical control, followed by the application of the treatments flumioxazin + glyphosate and metsulfuron + glyphosate in the first application and sequential application of indaziflam, proved to be effective. Control of this weed should be based on the removal of its plant residues from the field to reduce the regrowth and germination of aerial tubers.Item Visual assessment of leaf area index in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) fields(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2024-01-04) Castro-Pacheco, Sergio A.; González-Lutz, María I.; Araya-Alfaro, José M.; Vargas-Chinchilla, Mariano; Gutiérrez-Soto, Marco V.The application of leaf area index (LAI) in coffee crop management depends on the availability of methodologies for proper estimation. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for the visual assessment of LAI in coffee fields and to establish a protocol for training, evaluation, and feedback for evaluators. Four rounds of LAI measurements were conducted using visual estimates, two instruments (LAI 2200-C and AccuPAR LP-80), and defoliation of coffee hedgerows in Poás, Costa Rica. In each round, five workers visually estimated the LAI values on two occasions separated by 15 days, and feedback reinforcement was provided to each worker at the end of each round. Visual assessments showed high repeatability and reproducibility and the estimates were adjusted to the linear regression model in most cases. Evaluators improved their capacity to visually assess the LAI throughout the rounds, as the value of R2increased consistently for most workers, with values as high as 0.87. Instrumentation evaluation of LAI produced R2values of 0.5-0.6, with significant underestimation bias. The performance of the different methods is discussed in the context of widely spaced hedgerows. The proposed visual methodology constitutes a statistically sound, rapid, simple, and reliable method for determining the LAI of coffee fields to aid in decision-making for crop management.Item Nicotinamide and Azospirillum brasilense improves the quality of Coffea arabica seedlings(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2023-01-06) Lima, Sebastião F.; Pinto, Pedro H. G.; Soares, Manoel P. L.; Andrade, Maria G. de O.; Simon, Cátia A.; Vendruscolo, Eduardo P.; Contardi, Lucymara M.; Cordeiro, Meire A. S.; Abreu, Mariele S.The use of biostimulants in coffee seedlings can promote gains in their growth and quality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the growth and quality characteristics of Coffea arabica seedlings under the effect of the nicotinamide and Azospirillum brasilense application. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments resulted from the use of five doses of nicotinamide (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg L-1 of water) combined with the absence and presence of Azospirillum brasilense applied to Coffea arabica seedlings from Catuaí Vermelho 144 cultivar. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, plant height:stem diameter ratio, shoot:root dry mass ratio, plant height:shoot dry mass ratio, and Dickson quality index were evaluated. The combined or isolated use of A. brasilense and nicotinamide, up to a dose of 33.5 mg L-1, increased the biometric characteristics and dry mass accumulation. However, using nicotinamide doses between 30 and 61.8 g L-1 increased the quality of Coffea arabica seedlings. The synergistic effect of the use of A. brasilense and nicotinamide was verified for the growth and quality of Coffea arabica seedlings.Item Mechanized harvesting of conilon coffee plants using a self-propelled machine(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2022-10-24) Souza, Gustavo S. de; Bouzan, Antônio M. B.; Infantini, Maurício B.; Silva, Samuel de A.; Almeida, Robson F. deCoffee is one of the main commodities of global agribusiness and of outstanding economic and social relevance for Brazil. The lack of labor and its high cost are factors that worry coffee producers, mainly during the conilon coffee harvesting, which is performed manually. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a self-propelled harvester under different conditions of machine adjustment and conduction of the Coffea canephora crop and measure its influence on the cost of harvesting compared to manual harvesting. Harvesting speed (800 to 1600 m h-1), rotation of the vibrating rod cylinder (1.0 and 1.5 RPM), number of orthotropic branches (one, two, and three), and plants with and without plagiotropic branches in the lower third were assessed. The increase in harvesting speed reduced the efficiencies of stripping and harvesting and defoliation. Increasing from one to three orthotropic branches per plant increased harvesting and stripping efficiencies, fruit loss on the ground, defoliation, and reduced pending load. The management without plagiotropic branches showed higher harvesting efficiency, lower loss on the ground, and lower defoliation. Harvesting speeds from 800 to 1600 m h-1 reduced the total and unit costs up to 62% compared to manual harvesting. Increasing harvesting efficiency above 70% has reduced harvesting costs by up to 79% compared to manual harvesting.Item Impact of sprayer drone flight height on droplet spectrum in mountainous coffee plantation(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2022-08-08) Souza, Felipe G.; Portes, Marcelo F.; Silva, Marcus V.; Teixeira, Mauri M.; Furtado Júnior, Marconi R.Weather conditions and sprayer operating parameters influence spray quality. Unmanned aerial vehicles are considered a modern, useful, and very efficient technological tool in the application of pesticides, as they carry out punctual spraying, and reduce environmental and public health problems. The objective of this study was to characterize the spraying quality carried out with an unmanned aerial vehicle as a function of flight height and target position in a coffee plantation in a mountainous region. Three flight heights (2.5, 3.0, and 4.0 m) were used, and the targets were placed at the top and bottom of the plant. For each plant, six water sensitive papers were placed on top of the plant and six were placed at the bottom. CIR 1.5 software was applied to determine the coverage percentage, drop density, volume median diameter, volumetric diameter corresponding to 10 and 90%, numerical median diameter, and relative amplitude. The results showed that the flight height only influenced the parameters of the volumetric diameter corresponding to 10% of the volume, numerical median diameter, and coverage percentage. The target position on the canopy influenced all the evaluated spraying parameters. In mountainous coffee plantations, the spraying system using unmanned aerial vehicle spraying is more efficient for the lower part of the plant.Item Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of dehydrated coffee pulp in function of drying temperature(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2022-08-08) Jiménez-Ochoa, Jessica P.; Barrios-Rodríguez, Yeison F.; Bahamón-Monje, Andrés F.; Gutiérrez-Gúzman, NelsonCurrently, the use of coffee pulp to prepare infusions is being studied based on its antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature on the chemical properties of dehydrated coffee pulp to characterize the coffee pulp beverage in single-dose capsules physically and sensorially after being subjected to three thermal treatments (CT, natural drying; T50, oven drying at 50°C; T60, oven drying at 60°C). Chemical characterization of the dehydrated pulp was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (ATR-FTIR) and liquid chromatography (HPLC). Next, physical and sensorial characterization of the beverage was performed to determine the soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity, and color. On the other hand, this beverage was evaluated sensorially. Principal component analysis was performed on the data from the FTIR spectral ranges of 1,800-650 cm-1. Physicochemical and sensory results were analyzed using ANOVA. The chemical, physical, and sensory behavioral results allowed the identification of T60 as a viable processing treatment.Item Estimation of percentage of impurities in coffee using a computer vision system(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2022-01-14) Costa, Anderson G.; Silva, Eudócio R. O. da; Barros, Murilo M. de; Fagundes, Jonatthan A.The quality and price of coffee drinks can be affected by contamination with impurities during roasting and grinding. Methods that enable quality control of marketed products are important to meet the standards required by consumers and the industry. The purpose of this study was to estimate the percentage of impurities contained in coffee using textural and colorimetric descriptors obtained from digital images. Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) at 100% purity were subjected to roasting and grinding processes, and the initially pure ground coffee was gradually contaminated with impurities. Digital images were collected from coffee samples with 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70% impurities. From the images, textural descriptors of the histograms (mean, standard deviation, entropy, uniformity, and third moment) and colorimetric descriptors (RGB color space and HSI color space) were obtained. The principal component regression (PCR) method was applied to the data group of textural and colorimetric descriptors for the development of linear models to estimate coffee impurities. The selected models for the textural descriptors data group and the colorimetric descriptors data group were composed of two and three principal components, respectively. The model from the colorimetric descriptors showed a greater capacity to estimate the percentage of impurities in coffee when compared to the model from the textural descriptors.Item Litterfall decomposition of coffee shaded with Tectona grandis or in full sun(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2022-01-14) Henrique, Nirvani S.; Maltoni, Katia L.; Faria, Glaucia A.Litterfall is an important source of soil nutrients, but its decomposition can be affected by the crop system used. The objective of this study was to evaluate litterfall decomposition and macronutrient stocks in coffee crop systems in shaded (SHCS) environments and those in full sun (FSCS). The experiment was conducted on a rural property in Cacoal, state of Rondônia, Brazil, in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme with two crop systems (SHCS and FSCS), and six litterfall decomposition evaluation times (0, 30, 60, 180, 300, and 360 days after the litterfall was returned to the soil (DAL)), with seven replicates. The constant of decomposition (k), half-life time (t1/2) at 360 DAL, and phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and nitrogen (N) concentrations of the remaining litterfall were determined at each evaluation time. The litterfall in the SHCS had a greater weight loss and constant of decomposition and a lower half-life time at the last evaluation, and the weight loss increased as a function of decomposition time. The litterfall stocks of macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, and Mg showed a linear decrease throughout the decomposition time, and increases in sulfur stock were found at the last evaluation.Item Nutritional balance and its relationship to yield in a coffee field: Inferences from geospatial analysis(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2020) Silva, Marcelo B. da; Partelli, Fábio L.; Gontijo, Ivoney; Caldas, Marcellus M.Information obtained from studies of spatial variability and the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) may contribute to understanding better the relationship between mineral nutrient balance and factors that limit the crop yield. This study shows that nutritionally balanced plants may be associated with low productivity in Conilon coffee fields. The study was carried out on a highly productive Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) field, in São Mateus, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. A sample grid was established with 100 points, each point linked to one plant. Twenty pairs of leaves from each plant were collected from productive branches to create a sample for nutritional analysis. The rust incidence (Hemileia vastatrix), the presence of the coffee borer (Hypothenemus hampei), and the physical characteristics of the soil were evaluated in each sampled plant. DRIS and Nutrient Balance Index (NBI) were calculated, and from the yield data, they were characterized using descriptive statistics. Maps were created showing the spatial distribution of the NBI, yield, total sand, and incidence of rust and coffee borer. It was verified the low relationship between nutritional balance and yield in Conilon coffee, suggesting that non-nutritional factors also influenced plant production. In areas of the maps with high NBI, the plant’s nutritional balance was the main limiting factor of production, since most plants in this area produced less than the average productivity of the plants sampled. The use of a geostatistics tool combined with the NBI resulted in better understanding of the relationship between nutritional and non-nutritional variables on the Conilon coffee yield.