Planta Daninha
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10364
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Eficiência de uma barra de pulverização para aplicação de herbicida em lavouras de café em formação(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2003-07) Rodrigues, G.J.; Teixeira, M.M.; Ferreira, L.R.; Fernandes, H.C.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de uma barra de pulverização com um protetor contra deriva de um pulverizador de transporte animal, para aplicação de herbicida não-seletivo, em lavouras de café em formação. Foram utilizados bicos de pulverização de jato plano e distribuição uniforme do tipo 80-EF-015, três volumes de calda e duas doses de glyphosate. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em uma lavoura de café com 18 meses de plantio. Todos os tratamentos apresentaram valores de eficácia de controle de plantas daninhas, na entrelinha, superiores a 98%. O equipamento proporcionou proteção total contra a deriva, não sendo observado nenhum sinal de impacto de gotas da calda na cultura, bem como não foi observado nenhum sinal de toxicidade do herbicida até 30 dias após as aplicações.Item Growth and nutrient concentration in coffee root system under weed species competition(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2007-10) Ronchi, C.P.; Terra, A.A.; Silva, A.A.The effects of competition of six weed species on growth, nutrient concentration and nutrient content of coffee plant root system under greenhouse conditions were evaluated. Thirty days after coffee seedling transplantation into 12 L pots with soil level area of 6.5 dm 2 . Weeds were transplanted or sowed in these pots, at densities of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 plants per pot. The duration of competition (or weedy periods) from weed transplantation or emergence until plant harvesting, at the weed preflowering stage, were (in days): 77 (Bidens pilosa), 180 (Commelina diffusa), 82 (Leonurus sibiricus), 68 (Nicandra physaloides), 148 (Richardia brasiliensis) and 133 (Sida rhombifolia). Dry matter of coff ee plants was linearly reduced with increasing B. pilosa and S. rhombifolia density, with pronounced effect of B. pilosa. C. diffusa was the only weed species whose increasing density in the pots did not diminish crop root dry matter. L. sibiricus, N. physaloides and R. brasiliensis reduced root dry matter of coffee plants by 75, 52 and 47%, respectively, as compared to the weed-free treatment, regardless of weed density. Under competition, even though weed species showed lower macronutrient concentration in the roots (except for P), they accumulated 4.2 (N), 12.3 (P), 4.3 (K), 5.5 (Ca), 7.6 (Mg) and 4.4 (S) times more nutrients in the roots than the coff ee plants. Crop and weed nutrient concentration, as well as competition degrees greatly varied depending on both weed species and densities.Item Controle de Commelina benghalensis, C. erecta e Tripogandra diuretica na cultura do café(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2009-10) Oliveira, A.R.; Freitas, S.P.; Vieira, H.D.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes herbicidas/misturas no controle de três espécies de trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis, C. erecta e Tripogandra diuretica) e a tolerância de plantas jovens de café aos herbicidas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dez diferentes herbicidas/misturas e uma testemunha, associados a três espécies de trapoeraba. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 21 e 50 dias após a aplicação (DAP) dos herbicidas, por meio de análise visual, seguindo-se escala de nível de controle. Avaliou-se a tolerância das mudas de café aos herbicidas (escala de avaliação visual da fitotoxicidade) e as características de crescimento (diâmetro, número de folhas e estatura) das mudas de café. A espécie C. benghalensis foi melhor controlada quando se utilizaram os herbicidas: diuron, 2,4-D + picloram, atrazine + metolachlor, metribuzin, glyphosate WG e acetochlor. A espécie C. erecta foi controlada pelos herbicidas diuron, 2,4-D + picloram, atrazine + metolachlor, glyphosate CS e acetochlor. Os herbicidas diuron, 2,4-D + picloram, atrazine + metolachlor, metribuzin, glyphosate WG e paraquat + diuron foram os que melhor controlaram T. diuretica. Metribuzin, diuron e acetochlor mostraram-se mais fitotóxicos para a cultura do café. O diuron reduziu a massa da matéria seca e o número de folhas do cafeeiro. O diâmetro do caule e a estatura foram afetados pelos herbicidas metribuzin e 2,4-D. O metribuzin foi o herbicida que maior prejuízo causou às características de crescimento da planta de café.Item Weed control in young coffee plantations through post-emergence herbicide application onto total area(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2004-10) Ronchi, C.P.; Silva, A.A.This study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of several herbicides under field conditions, by post-emergence application onto the entire area, their effect on the control of weeds in young coffee plantations and commercial coffee and bean intercropping system, as well as on both crops. Seedlings of Coffea arabica cv. Red Catuaí with four to six leaf pairs were transplanted to the field and treated according to conventional agronomic practices. A bean and coffee intercropping system was established by sowing three lines of beans in the coffee inter-rows. At the time the herbicides were sprayed, the coffee plants had six to ten leaf pairs; the bean plants, three leaflets; and the weeds were at an early development stage. Fluazifop-p-butyl and clethodim were selective for coffee plants and controlled only Brachiaria plantaginea and Digitaria horizontalis efficiently. Broad-leaved weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus, Bidens pilosa, Coronopus didymus, Emilia sonchifolia, Galinsoga parviflora, Ipomoea grandifolia, Lepidium virginicum, and Raphanus raphanistrum) were controlled with high efficiency by sole applications of fomesafen, flazasulfuron, and oxyfluorfen, except B. pilosa, C. didymus, and R. raphanistrum for oxyfluorfen. Sequential applications in seven- day intervals of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl, or clethodim, and two commercial mixtures of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl simultaneously controlled both types of weed. Cyperus rotundus was only controlled by flazasulfuron. Except for fluazifop-p-butyl and clethodim, all herbicide treatments caused only slight injuries on younger coffee leaves. However, further plant growth was not impaired and coffee plant height and stem diameter were therefore similar in the treatments, as evaluated four months later. Fomesafen, fluazifop- p-butyl, and clethodim, at sole or sequential application, and the commercial mixtures of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl were also highly selective for bean crop; thus at doses recommended for bean crop, these herbicides may be applied to control weeds in coffee and bean intercropping systems by spraying the entire area.Item Effects of weed species competition on the growth of young coffee plants(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2006) Ronchi, C.P.; Silva, A.A.The effects of competition of seven weed species on the growth of coffee plants were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Thirty days after coffee seedling transplantation into 12 L pots with soil level area of 6.5 dm 2 , weeds were transplanted into or sown in those pots, at densities of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 plants per pot. Competition or weedy periods from weed transplantation or emergence to plant harvesting, at weed pre-flowering stage, were: 77 days - Bidens pilosa, 98 days - Brachiaria decumbens, 180 days - Commelina diffusa, 82 days - Leonurus sibiricus, 68 days - Nicandra physaloides, 148 days - Richardia brasiliensis and 133 days - Sida rhombifolia. Coffee plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and shoot dry matter were determined. Effects of competition by N. physaloides and S. rhombifolia against coffee plants were among the lowest, since only a slight decrease in all the characteristics evaluated in coffee plants was observed. The other weed species caused severe decrease in growth, mainly with increasing weed plant densities. Competition degree was found to depend on weed species and density.Item Seed bank from soil of coffee plantations associated with grevillea trees(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 2008-10) Santos, M.A.F.; Matsmoto, S.N.; Cesár, F.R.C.F.; Bonfim, J.A.; Araujo, G.S.; Viana, A.E.S.This study aimed to study the composition and dynamics of seed bank from soil of coffee plantations associated with grevilea trees in the experimental fields of the Southwest Bahia State University, on Vitória da Conquista campus. The experiments were carried out from September 2006 to May 2007. The coffee trees (Coffea arabica) were sown at three x one m spacing, associated with grevillea trees (Grevillea robusta) and maintained at densities of 277, 139, 123, 69, 62 and 31 plants ha-1 , under direct sunlight. One hundred grams of soil were taken from each treatment with four repetitions and later identified and counted with a 10x magnifying glass. To determine seedling emergence, four soil samples of 1000 g were collected from each experimental field and transported to the greenhouse. Seedling emergence was observed by counts after 15, 30 and 45 days. The experimental design was randomized blocks of seven treatments (soil from different tree densities) and four replicates; the experimental unit consisted of a plastic tray (0, 30 x 0.22 x 0.06 m) containing 1.000 g of soil. The variables utilized to characterize the bank and its dynamics were: relative frequency, relative density, relative abundance, importance index and species diversity (Shannon-Weaver index).Increased number of monocotyledon seeds and sprouts were verified in the treatments maintained under full sunlight.