Coffee Science - v.13, n.3, 2018
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10546
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Item Early growth of coffee plants and soil fertility properties in response to coffee husk application(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Mantovani, José Ricardo; Paula, Deyvid Wilker de; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Silva, Adriano Bortolotti da; Andrade, Paula Cristina Castro; Landgraf, Paulo Roberto CôrreaCoffee processing generates large amounts of husk, which can be used as organic fertilizer if technical criteria are considered. This study investigated the effect of coffee husk, applied to or incorporated into the soil, on soil fertility properties, early crop growth and nutrient accumulation in coffee plants. The experiment analyzed coffee plants in a greenhouse in pots, in randomized blocks, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement plus a control treatment, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of five coffee husk rates (3.5; 7; 14; 28, and 56 t ha-1 ), applied in two forms: spread on the surface or incorporated into the soil, plus the control treatment, without husk application. Portions of 7 dm 3 soil were blended with lime, phosphate fertilizer, as well as coffee husk rates in the treatments with residue incorporation, and incubated for 30 days. Thereafter, one coffee seedling per plot was planted, the coffee husk rates were applied on the soil surface for the treatments without residue incorporation, and the plants were left to grow for 180 days. Coffee husk applied to or incorporated into the soil surface increases the K and organic matter contents of the soil, intensifies the early growth of coffee plants and accelerates N and K accumulation in the plant shoots. The application of coffee husk on the surface is more indicated than its incorporation into the soil, and the best rate at coffee planting is equivalent to 20 t ha-1 .Item Spatial variability of soil penetration resistance in coffee growing(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Andrade, Alan Delon; Faria, Rafael de Oliveira; Alonso, Diego José Carvalho; Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo e Silva; Herrera, Miguel Angel Diaz; Silva, Fábio Moreira daThe intensive use of machines in agriculture tends to cause soil compaction, which can hamper the expansion of root system and the absorption of water and nutrients, thus affecting the crop development. In view of the above, the present study aimed to identify critical zones of soil compaction, through the spatial distribution of soil penetration resistance (SPR), having positions within the coffee rows and soil depth ranges as variables. The study was performed in a coffee plantation of 7.32 ha, belonging to the Bom Jardim Farm, located in the municipality of Bom Sucesso, MG, Brazil. The SPR was measured using a penetrometer in the depth range from 0 to 0.40 m, with discretization in four layers of 0.10 m. The data were interpreted based on geostatistics, in order to identify if there is spatial dependence of the SPR and generate thematic maps demonstrating the variable’s spatial behavior. It is concluded that there is spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance, being possible to use geostatistical tools to generate thematic maps based on classes of soil penetration resistance. The values of SPR in the tractor trail, for layers from 0.10 to 0.20 and from 0.20 to 0.30 m, were classified in the high SPR class and could cause damage to the crop.Item Incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust, cercosporiosis and coffee leaf miner in coffee progenies(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Lima, Amador Eduardo de; Sampaio Junior, Hudinilson Gilberto; Castro, Elisa de Melo; Carvalho, Samuel Pereira de; Silva, Fabiano França da; Lima Junior, Sebastião de; Carvalho, Alex Mendonça deCoffee leaf rust is the main disease of this crop, however cercosporiosis and coffee leaf miner can also cause significant damage when they reach high levels of infestation. Plant genetic improvement for resistance is one of the best tools for controlling plant diseases. The objective in this work was to identify F 3 progenies of Coffea arabica with resistance to coffee leaf rust, which present a lower incidence and severity of cercosporiosis and coffee leaf miner. The treatments were constituted by 10 progenies, besides two cultivars coffee leaf rust susceptible, used as a control. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD), with two replicates, each block consisting of 12 plots randomly distributed, each corresponding to one treatments. The following characteristics were evaluated: coffee leaf rust intensity and severity, cercosporiosis and coffee leaf miner, plants vegetative vigor, grain maturity uniformity and plants height. The progeny averages were grouped by the Scott & Knott test at 5% probability. Progenies 27, 30 and 15 were selected, since they presented low incidence in relation to coffee leaf rust, cercosporiosis and coffee leaf miner, and will be used to continue the breeding program.Item Saprobic fungi as biocontrol agents of halo blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae) in coffee clones(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Botrel, Dayana Alvarenga; Laborde, Marie Caroline Ferreira; Medeiros, Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos de; Resende, Mário Lúcio Vilela de; Ribeiro Júnio, Pedro Martins; Pascholati, Sérgio Florentino; Gusmão, Luís Fernando PascholatiHalo blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae is a limiting disease in coffee production. There are few efficient commercial products on the market to control this disease, and therefore, the prospection of different biocontrol agents is a promising alternative. The objectives in this study were (i) to select saprobic fungi with the potential to control halo blight in coffee clones, and (ii) to evaluate the contributions of induced resistance as control mechanisms. Plants were sprayed with Gonytrichum chlamydosporium, Phialomyces macrosporus, and Moorella speciosa 7 d before inoculation with Pseudomonas. syringae pv. garcae. The area under the halo blight progress curve (AUDPC) and plant growth parameters were evaluated. M. speciose and G. clamydosporium did not reduce the AUDPC and even reduced plant growth in none of the trails compared to the water control. P. macrosporus consistently reduced AUDPC by 42-72% and increased plant height by 40%. Thereafter, the contributions of induced resistance was evaluated for the P. macrosporus, selected as the most promising biocontrol agent.. In order to determine induced resistance, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity of plant leaves were measured at two time points after stress challenge. Enzyme activity evaluation demonstrated high activity of POX and PAL at seven days after treatment with the saprobe, and high APX activity after 14 days. The results of this study indicate that P. macrosporus has the potential to be used in the management of coffee halo blight in seedling production, and one mechanism likely involved is induced resistance.Item Nitrogen fertilizers and occurrence of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet) in transplanted coffee seedlings(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Sabino, Paulo Henrique de Siqueira; Reis Júnior, Francisco Ailton dos; Carvalho, Geraldo Andrade; Mantovani, José RicardoThe coffee leaf-miner (CLM) Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) is one of the main pests of coffee plants in Brazil. Its occurrence in the crop is directly related to the physiological state and growth characteristics of coffee plants, in turn related to plant nutrition. The present work, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources on the occurrence of CLM in coffee seedlings. The fertilizers used were ammonium sulfate, urea, and organomineral. The number of leaves mined by CLM and the relative contents of chlorophyll and crude protein in the leaves were recorded. Ammonium sulfate and urea favored higher occurrence of leaves mined and organomineral fertilizer provided the lowest incidence of leaves mined by CLM. The three sources of nitrogen increased the chlorophyll content, but only ammonium sulfate caused an increased percentage of crude protein in the leaves of coffee seedlings. For the improvement of management strategies for L. coffeella it is fundamental to understand favorable conditions, nutritional management it is one of the pest control mechanisms, thus making it possible to control the insect and prevent the population of CLM from reaching an economic damage threshold.Item Coffee leaf miner incidence and its predation by wasp in coffee intercropped with rubber trees(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Androcioli, Humberto Godoy; Hoshino, Adriano Thibes; Menezes Júnior, Ayres de Oliveira; Morais, Heverly; Bianco, Rodolfo; Caramori, Paulo HenriqueThe coffee leaf miner (CLM) Leucoptera coffeella has a wide distribution and causes significant losses in coffee plantations (Coffea spp.) in Brazil. Its occurrence can be mitigated in intercropped systems, with the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis ) adapting well to the consortium, while also providing extra income to the producer. We aimed to determine whether the afforestation influences the microclimate and affects the leaf miner incidence and its predation by wasp in coffee plants intercropped with rubber trees. The study was undertaken in state of Paraná, Brazil, using coffee plants intercropped with rubber trees planted in double rows (alleys) spaced at 13, 16 and 22 m between alleys, and compared to sole cropping coffee plots. From January 2008 to November 2010, the presence of CLM’s lesions including those with signs of wasp predation was monitored in coffee plants intercropped with rubber trees and in the non-consorted coffee. A higher CLM’s incidence was verified in monoculture coffee plots, while coffee plants located under and two meters away from rubber trees had the lowest incidences. CLM’s incidence in intercropping system got higher as it increased distance from the trees. The number of lesions with signs of predation by wasps was positively correlated with the number CLM’s lesions, indicating a density-dependent predator-prey relationship. The coffee plants intercropped with alley rubber trees reduce the CLM’s occurrence and can be a management’s tactic for this economically important pest.Item Effect of biostimulant and micronutrient on emergence, growth and quality of arabica coffee seedlings(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Ferreira, Bruno Costa; Lima, Sebastiao Ferreira de; Simon, Cátia Aparecida; Andrade, Maria Gabriela de Oliveira; Ávila, Jorgiani de; Alvarez, Rita de Cássia FélixThe micronutrients and biostimulant use can promote root, shoot and seedling growth. The aim of this work was evaluated the micronutrients and biostimulant application effects on arabica coffee seedling development. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 5 x 3, with four replicates. Five cultivars of arabica coffee (Topázio, Catuaí Amarelo, Catuaí Vermelho 99, Catuaí Vermelho 144 and Catiguá) cultivated in green house, combined with biostimulant (Stimulate ® ), of micronutrients (Mo+Co) and control. 150 days after sowing the plants was evaluated. The higher seed germination velocity (0.10) was obtained with micronutrients and biostimulant. The higher height of plant, 8.88 cm, was attained with biostimulant on Catuaí Amarelo. Catuaí Amarelo and Vermelho obtained higher number of leaves (4.5) with biostimulant use and the Catuaí Amarelo (4.38) with micronutrients use. In Catuaí Amarelo was attained higher shoot dry mass and leaf area with biostimulant use, reach 1.69 g and 19.55 cm 2 , respectively. The higher root dry mass values (0.76 g) and Dickson quality index (0.47 and 0.48) was attained with micronutrients use to the Catuaí Amarelo e vermelho cultivars. Seedling development of Catuaí Amarelo was benefited with Stimulate ® application and the cultivar Topázio did not get positive development with Stimulate ® and micronutrients application.Item Physiological selectivity of insecticides to eggs and larvae of predator chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)(Editora UFLA, 2018-07) Soares, Andrea de Fátima Torres; Carvalho, Geraldo AndradeGiven the importance of green lacewings as agents of biological pest control, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of insecticides used on coffee crops on the eggs and larvae of Chrysoperla externa. The insecticides tested were (g or mL a.i./L) chlorpyrifos (2.25), cartap hydrochloride (1.66), pyriproxyfen (0.33), profenofos/lufenuron (1.33/0.13), fenpropathrin (0.40), triazophos/deltamethrin (0.70/0.02) and zetacypermethrin (0.05). The insecticides, when applied directly on the eggs, caused no adverse effects on the duration of the embryonic period. After the application of triazophos/deltamethrin, pyriproxyfen, profenofos/lufenuron and zetacypermethrin, a reduction in egg viability was induced. The insecticides triazophos/ deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos/lufenuron reduced the survival of newly hatched first instar larvae from treated eggs. The first instar larvae that were treated directly were sensitive to the effects of the products used, with the effect of triazophos and chlorpyrifos/deltamethrin being high. The survival of the second instar larvae was reduced by zetacypermethrin, fenpropathrin, profenofos/lufenuron, and cartap hydrochloride. The products chlorpyrifos and triazophos/deltamethrin also did not allow second instar larvae survival. For treated third instar larvae, chlorpyrifos and triazophos/deltamethrin allowed survival of only 20.0 and 57.5%. Eggs and larvae of C. externa showed sensitiveness to insecticides chlorpyrifos and triazophos, being needed more studies in semi-field and field conditions for the confirmation or not of the toxicity aiming the conservation of this predator specie on the coffee agroecosystem.