Extração e purificação de cafeína da casca de café
Data
2007-03-21
Autores
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Editor
Faculdade de Engenharia Química - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Resumo
O Brasil é o maior produtor e exportador de café do mundo. Somente no ano de 2006 foram produzidas aproximadamente 41.573.000 sacas de café (60 kg) beneficiadas. Durante o beneficiamento do fruto de café seco gera-se uma massa apreciável de casca de café que varia de acordo com a variedade do café. Visando agregar valor comercial à casca de café, este trabalho trata da extração e purificação da cafeína presente na casca de café. Para a extração da cafeína utilizou-se um extrator de café do tipo Polti. Foram realizadas extrações em amostras com vários diâmetros médio de partícula, a fim de analisar a influência do diâmetro da casca de café na extração da cafeína. Nos experimentos de purificação, 5 gramas de casca de café torrada foi percolada com água obtendo-se 150 mL de extrato. Foi efetuada uma extração líquido-líquido, em quatro etapas seqüenciais, utilizando porções de 30 mL de clorofórmio para a remoção da cafeína. A solução clorofórmica foi submetida à purificação utilizando carvão ativado e solução de hidróxido de potássio (0,1 mol/L). Para quantificar a percentagem efetiva de pigmentos removidos da solução, as amostras foram analisadas em um espectrofotômetro operando com comprimento de onda de 319 nm. Os resultados da purificação com o carvão ativado foram ajustados ao modelo de Langmuir e Freundlich. O modelo de Freundlich apresentou um melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais e os resultados da purificação, utilizando hidróxido de potássio, foram ajustados a uma equação similar à do modelo de Freundlich. Efetuou-se um estudo para a determinação das condições ótimas de purificação e os resultados da otimização operacional mostraram que o melhor resultado em termos da purificação com carvão ativado consistiu no tratamento com concentração de 0,15 gramas de carvão ativado em um volume de 10 mL do extrato agitados por 7 minutos. Com relação ao hidróxido de potássio, obtiveram-se as condições otimizadas, processando a solução previamente adsorvida e otimizada com carvão ativado, variando-se as quantidades de hidróxido de potássio. O melhor resultado consistiu de tempo de agitação de 6,3 minutos e volume de hidróxido de potássio de 17,84 mL. Também foi proposto um estudo cinético para explicar a possível “reação” que ocorre entre as impurezas que originam a cor na solução clorofórmica e o hidróxido de potássio, mas o modelo de “reação química” proposto não se aplicou neste processo de purificação, devido aos altos valores encontrados para a ordem da reação e também pela variação da constante da taxa de velocidade de reação com a concentração do reagente.
In 2006, Brazil consolidated its position as the world's largest producer and exporter of coffee, when were produced around 41.573.000 bags (60 kg) of benefited coffee. During the processing of dry coffee fruit, a big amount of coffee husk mass is generated in accordance with coffee variety. Aiming at adding commercial value to coffee husk, this work deals of extration and refining of caffeine in the coffee husk. Caffeine extraction was done using a trademark coffee extractor - Polti. In order to analyze influence of the diameter of coffee husk in caffeine extraction, samples with several average diameter particle was carried out. In refining experiments, 5 grams of coffee husk roasted was extracted with water getting itself 150 mL of extract. Liquid-liquid extraction was done in four sequential stages, using 30 mL of chloroform for the removal of the caffeine. The chloroformic solution was submitted to refining using activated coal and potassium hydroxide solution (0.1 mol/L). To quantify the effective percentage of removed pigments from the solution, the samples had been analyzed in one spectrophotometer operating with wave length of 319 nm. Refining results using activated coal had been adjusted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results of the refining using potassium hydroxide had been adjusted by a similar equation of Freundlich’s model. A study to get the most excellent refining conditions was done and the result of this operational optimization show that the treatment with 0.15g activated coal and 10mL of the extract, agitated by 7 minutes were the best conditions. With regard to potassium hydroxide treatment, it started using the solution previously treated and optimized with activated coal. Optimum result consisted of agitation time of 6.3 minutes and a potassium hydroxide volume of 17.84mL. It was proposed a kinetic study to explain possible “reaction” between impurities in chloroformic solution, that probably it can originate the color, and potassium hydroxide solution. The model considered for the “chemical reaction” did not represent this refining process, by the following reasons: it presented a high value for the order of the reaction, as well as an ample variation of the value of reaction rate constant.
In 2006, Brazil consolidated its position as the world's largest producer and exporter of coffee, when were produced around 41.573.000 bags (60 kg) of benefited coffee. During the processing of dry coffee fruit, a big amount of coffee husk mass is generated in accordance with coffee variety. Aiming at adding commercial value to coffee husk, this work deals of extration and refining of caffeine in the coffee husk. Caffeine extraction was done using a trademark coffee extractor - Polti. In order to analyze influence of the diameter of coffee husk in caffeine extraction, samples with several average diameter particle was carried out. In refining experiments, 5 grams of coffee husk roasted was extracted with water getting itself 150 mL of extract. Liquid-liquid extraction was done in four sequential stages, using 30 mL of chloroform for the removal of the caffeine. The chloroformic solution was submitted to refining using activated coal and potassium hydroxide solution (0.1 mol/L). To quantify the effective percentage of removed pigments from the solution, the samples had been analyzed in one spectrophotometer operating with wave length of 319 nm. Refining results using activated coal had been adjusted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results of the refining using potassium hydroxide had been adjusted by a similar equation of Freundlich’s model. A study to get the most excellent refining conditions was done and the result of this operational optimization show that the treatment with 0.15g activated coal and 10mL of the extract, agitated by 7 minutes were the best conditions. With regard to potassium hydroxide treatment, it started using the solution previously treated and optimized with activated coal. Optimum result consisted of agitation time of 6.3 minutes and a potassium hydroxide volume of 17.84mL. It was proposed a kinetic study to explain possible “reaction” between impurities in chloroformic solution, that probably it can originate the color, and potassium hydroxide solution. The model considered for the “chemical reaction” did not represent this refining process, by the following reasons: it presented a high value for the order of the reaction, as well as an ample variation of the value of reaction rate constant.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Faculdade de Uberlândia - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Palavras-chave
Cafeína, Extração de cafeína, Casca de café, Purificação de cafeína
Citação
Fernandes, G. Extração e purificação de cafeína da casca de café. 2007. 107 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Uberlândia. 2007.