Qualidade física e sensorial de Coffea canephora L. relacionadas à altitude, estádio de maturação e preparo pós-colheita
Data
2012-02-28
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
A qualidade do café conilon (Coffea canephora) é um tema muito abordado atualmente, e essa qualidade é muito variável e pode ser influenciada por vários fatores. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da altitude, dos estádios de maturação e dos preparos pós-colheita em relação à qualidade física e sensorial de Coffea canephora L.. O material genético utilizado foi proveniente de 24 lavouras, nos municípios de Alegre, Jerônimo Monteiro, Castelo, Mimoso do Sul e Muqui, no Estado do Espírito Santo. Oito lavouras localizadas em altitudes entre 0 e 250 metros, oito entre 251 e 500 metros e oito acima de 500 metros. Utilizou-se um pool genético com amostras de lavouras de diferentes genótipos de Coffea canephora. Em cada lavoura foram obtidas três amostras: Amostra 1 – café com 90% dos frutos cereja e os outros 10% verde (90% C); Amostra 2 - café 100% cereja não descascado (100% ND); Amostra 3 – café 100% cereja descascado (100% CD). Os cafés das amostras foram secos até atingirem umidade em torno de 11 a 12%. A análise sensorial foi realizada por meio da metodologia do novo Protocolo de Degustação de Robustas Finos, realizado por dois provadores (R Graders), sem o conhecimento prévio da origem e do aspecto do grão antes da torração. Verificou-se que existe diferença significativa entre as lavouras na qualidade sensorial do café em todas as faixas de altitudes estudadas. Altitudes acima de 500 metros proporcionam resultados mais satisfatórios para os atributos sensoriais. As amostras 90% C proporcionam resultados inferiores na qualidade sensorial, e apresentam maior quantidade de defeitos e catação, em todas as faixas de altitudes estudadas. Os preparos 100% ND e 100% CD não apresentam diferença nas características avaliadas na classificação física. O método de preparo 100% CD com a altitude 3 confere café classificado na escala de qualidade como robustas finos.Verificou-se a existência de genótipos, que mesmo na altitude 1, são classificados como Robustas Finos, porém apenas nos métodos de preparo 100% ND e 100% CD.
The quality of conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) is a much broached theme at present, and this quality is much variable and may be influenced by many factors. This way, this work had as objective to evaluate the influence of altitude, the maturation stages and the post-harvest treatments regarding the physical and sensorial quality of Coffea canephora L.. The genetic material used was extracted from 24 fields, on the municipality of Alegre, Jerônimo Monteiro, Castelo, Mimoso do Sul and Muqui, on the state of Espírito Santo. Eight fields located on altitudes among 0 and 250 meters, eight among 251 and 500 meters and eight above 500 meters. A genetic pool was used with samples of the fields from different genotypes of Coffea canephora. In each field three samples were obtained: Sample 1 – coffee with 90% of the red coffee berries and the other 10% of green grains (90% C); Sample 2 – 100% red coffee berry not peeled (100% ND); Sample 3 – 100% red coffee berry peeled (100% CD). The coffees from the samples were dry until they reached humidity nearly 11 to 12%. The sensorial analysis was carried out by the methodology of the new Protocol of Degustation of Robusta “fine” coffees, carried out by two R Graders, without the previous knowledge of origin and of the grain aspect before toasting. It was verified that there is significant difference among the fields on sensorial quality of coffee in all the altitude zones studied. Altitudes higher than 500 meters promote more satisfactory results for the sensorial attributes. The samples 90% C promote inferior results on sensorial quality and present higher quantity of defects and harvest, in all the altitude zones studied. The preparations 100% ND and 100% CD do not presents difference on the evaluated characteristics on the physical classification. The preparation method 100% CD with the altitude 3 grants coffee classified on the quality scale as fine Robustas. It was verified the existence of genotypes, that even on altitude 1, are classified as fine Robustas, however only on the preparation methods 100% ND and 100% CD.
The quality of conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) is a much broached theme at present, and this quality is much variable and may be influenced by many factors. This way, this work had as objective to evaluate the influence of altitude, the maturation stages and the post-harvest treatments regarding the physical and sensorial quality of Coffea canephora L.. The genetic material used was extracted from 24 fields, on the municipality of Alegre, Jerônimo Monteiro, Castelo, Mimoso do Sul and Muqui, on the state of Espírito Santo. Eight fields located on altitudes among 0 and 250 meters, eight among 251 and 500 meters and eight above 500 meters. A genetic pool was used with samples of the fields from different genotypes of Coffea canephora. In each field three samples were obtained: Sample 1 – coffee with 90% of the red coffee berries and the other 10% of green grains (90% C); Sample 2 – 100% red coffee berry not peeled (100% ND); Sample 3 – 100% red coffee berry peeled (100% CD). The coffees from the samples were dry until they reached humidity nearly 11 to 12%. The sensorial analysis was carried out by the methodology of the new Protocol of Degustation of Robusta “fine” coffees, carried out by two R Graders, without the previous knowledge of origin and of the grain aspect before toasting. It was verified that there is significant difference among the fields on sensorial quality of coffee in all the altitude zones studied. Altitudes higher than 500 meters promote more satisfactory results for the sensorial attributes. The samples 90% C promote inferior results on sensorial quality and present higher quantity of defects and harvest, in all the altitude zones studied. The preparations 100% ND and 100% CD do not presents difference on the evaluated characteristics on the physical classification. The preparation method 100% CD with the altitude 3 grants coffee classified on the quality scale as fine Robustas. It was verified the existence of genotypes, that even on altitude 1, are classified as fine Robustas, however only on the preparation methods 100% ND and 100% CD.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Café, Análise sensorial, Robustas finos
Citação
STURM, G. M. Qualidade física e sensorial de Coffea canephora L. relacionadas à altitude, estádio de maturação e preparo pós-colheita. 2012. 83 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre. 2012.