Propagação vegetativa do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.)
Data
2003-09-30
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A inexistência de um protocolo para multiplicação assexuada de Coffea arabica em escala comercial tem sido a maior restrição ao emprego da propagação vegetativa como estratégia para o uso de híbridos F, de cafeeiros obtidos pelo melhoramento genético. Buscando-se uma metodologia que permita aumentar a eficiência da clonagem de Cofea arabica, foram conduzidos experimentos no Departamento de Agricultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG. Uma alternativa para a propagação vegetativa é O enraizamento de estacas caulinares. Utilizaram-se estacas de cafeeiros das cultivares Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474 e Rubi MG 1192. Testou-se a eficiência do aquecimento do leito de enraizamento, do fornecimento exópeno de sacarose (30 g.L'! e de seis concentrações de AIB (0; 2.000; 4.000; 6.000; 8.000 e 10.000 mg.L') para o enraizamento das estacas e para a formação das mudas. O substrato utilizado para o enraizamento foi uma mistura de areia lavada e vermiculita na proporção de 1:1 e para a formação das mudas foi o substrato comercial Bioplantê. Os resultados mostraram que o fornecimento exógeno de sacarose não apresentou efeito positivo para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. O aquecimento do leito de enraizamento não influenciou a porcentagem de formação de calo para 'Acaiá” mas foi efetivo para a “Rubi”. O aquecimento basal associado com o AIB não aumentou a porcentagem total de estacas enraizadas para a “Rubi” e foi desfavorável para a “Acaiá”, mas aumentou O número de raízes, o peso da matéria seca das raízes e da parte aérea das mudas das duas cultivares. Foram realizados cortes histológicos em estacas caulinares, os quais mostraram não existir barreiras anatômicas ao enraizamento adventício. Cortes em estacas enraizadas mostraram que a origem do primórdio radicular foi próxima aos tecidos vasculares. Cortes histológicos nas raízes formadas nas estacas e em raízes de mudas obtidas por semeadura confirmaram que elas apresentam as mesmas estruturas primárias. Um estudo preliminar dos sistemas radiculares de mudas obtidas por meio de estacas e de mudas de semeadura mostraram que o sistema radicular das mudas de estacas possui maior comprimento total das raízes. Outra alternativa para a clonagem de Coffea arabica é a multiplicação “in vitro”, que ainda possibilita a obtenção de grande número de plantas em curto espaço de tempo. Segmentos nodais de cafeeiro “Caturra Amarelo” estabelecidos “in vitro” foram pré-cultivados em meio MS sem regulador de crescimento ou em MS acrescido de 6 mg.L! de BAP, para avaliação do efeito desse regulador no subcultivo dos explantes. Após 180 dias, os explantes foram inoculados em meio de cultivo MS acrescido de 0, 6, 9, 12 e 15 mg.L” de BAP (experimento 1) e de 0; 0,05; 0,15; 0,45 e 1,35 mg.L'! de TDZ (experimento 2). Verificou-se que há efeito residual do BAP adicionado ao meio de pré-cultivo.
The inexistence of a protocol for the asexual multiplication of Cofjea arabica in a commercial scale has been one of the major restrictions for the vegetative propagation as a strategy to use F; hybrids obtained through genetic improvement. With the objective of to obtain a methodology that permits an improvement in the Coffea arabica cloning efficiency, experiments were conducted in the Department of Agriculture of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG. An alternative to vegetative propagation is the rooting of cuttings. Cuttings from Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474 and Rubi MG 1192 coffee cultivars were used. The efficiency of root bed heating, exogenous sucrose supply (30 p.L'!), and six concentrations of IBA (0; 2.000; 4.000; 6.000; 8.000 e10.000 mg.L"!) on the rooting of cuttings and formation of seedlings was tested. A mixture of washed sand and vermiculite (1:1) and Bioplantô commercial substrate were used as substrate and for the formation of seedlings, respectively. The results demonstrated that the exogenous supply of sucrose did not present a positive effect on any of the analyzed variables. The root bed heating did not influence the percentage of basal callus formation for the * Acaiá” but was effective for the “Rubi”. Bed heating associated with IBA did not increase the total percentage of “Rubi” rooted cuttings and was unfavorable for the * Acaiá”. However, it increased the number of roots, root and shoot dry matter weight in both cultivar seedlings. Histological cuts in stem cuttings demonstrated that there aren't anatomic barriers for the adventitious rooting. Cuts in rooted cuttings showed that the origin of the root primordial was close to the vascular tissues. Histological cuts in the cutting roots and in roots of seedlings confirmed that they present the same primary structures. A preliminary study of the root systems of seedlings obtained through cutting and through seeds showed that the root systems of the latter have a high total root length. Another altemative to clonie Coffea arabica is the tin vitro" multiplication that makes possible a short-term obtainment of a great number of plants. “In vitro” nodal segments of the “Caturra Amarelo” coffee plant were pre-cultivated in MS medium without growth regulator or in MS medium with 6 mg.L! BAP to evaluate the effect of BAP on the sub-cultivation of the explants. After 180 days, the explants were inoculated in MS medium with 0, 6,9, 12, and 15 mg.L! BAP (experiment 1) and 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.45, and 1.35 mg.L” TDZ (experiment 2). It was verified that there is a residual effect of BAP when added to the pre- cultivation medium.
The inexistence of a protocol for the asexual multiplication of Cofjea arabica in a commercial scale has been one of the major restrictions for the vegetative propagation as a strategy to use F; hybrids obtained through genetic improvement. With the objective of to obtain a methodology that permits an improvement in the Coffea arabica cloning efficiency, experiments were conducted in the Department of Agriculture of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG. An alternative to vegetative propagation is the rooting of cuttings. Cuttings from Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474 and Rubi MG 1192 coffee cultivars were used. The efficiency of root bed heating, exogenous sucrose supply (30 p.L'!), and six concentrations of IBA (0; 2.000; 4.000; 6.000; 8.000 e10.000 mg.L"!) on the rooting of cuttings and formation of seedlings was tested. A mixture of washed sand and vermiculite (1:1) and Bioplantô commercial substrate were used as substrate and for the formation of seedlings, respectively. The results demonstrated that the exogenous supply of sucrose did not present a positive effect on any of the analyzed variables. The root bed heating did not influence the percentage of basal callus formation for the * Acaiá” but was effective for the “Rubi”. Bed heating associated with IBA did not increase the total percentage of “Rubi” rooted cuttings and was unfavorable for the * Acaiá”. However, it increased the number of roots, root and shoot dry matter weight in both cultivar seedlings. Histological cuts in stem cuttings demonstrated that there aren't anatomic barriers for the adventitious rooting. Cuts in rooted cuttings showed that the origin of the root primordial was close to the vascular tissues. Histological cuts in the cutting roots and in roots of seedlings confirmed that they present the same primary structures. A preliminary study of the root systems of seedlings obtained through cutting and through seeds showed that the root systems of the latter have a high total root length. Another altemative to clonie Coffea arabica is the tin vitro" multiplication that makes possible a short-term obtainment of a great number of plants. “In vitro” nodal segments of the “Caturra Amarelo” coffee plant were pre-cultivated in MS medium without growth regulator or in MS medium with 6 mg.L! BAP to evaluate the effect of BAP on the sub-cultivation of the explants. After 180 days, the explants were inoculated in MS medium with 0, 6,9, 12, and 15 mg.L! BAP (experiment 1) and 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.45, and 1.35 mg.L” TDZ (experiment 2). It was verified that there is a residual effect of BAP when added to the pre- cultivation medium.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Enraizamento, Regulador de crescimento, Micropropagação, Crescimento, Melhoramento genético
Citação
JESUS, A. M. S. Propagação vegetativa do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.). 2003. 173 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2003.