Teor foliar de nutrientes em plantas daninhas e de café cultivadas em competição
Data
2012-01
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas
Resumo
Neste trabalho avaliou-se o acúmulo de nutrientes em plantas jovens de café e em plantas daninhas cultivadas em competição com a cultura. Mudas de café arábica cultivar Mundo Novo no estádio de quatro a cinco pares de folhas completamente expandidas foram transplantadas para vasos contendo 25 dm 3 de substrato. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (4 x 4), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por quatro espécies de plantas daninhas: Digitaria horizontalis, Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria plantaginea e Mucuna aterrima, em quatro densidades de infestação (zero, duas, quatro e seis plantas por vaso), em convivência por 90 dias com uma planta de café. Para determinação dos teores foliares dos nutrientes das plantas de café e das plantas daninhas, realizou-se coleta de folhas na parte mediana das plantas de café e das plantas daninhas. Todas as espécies de plantas daninhas, quando em convivência com o café, proporcionaram menor teor de nutrientes nas folhas da cultura, principalmente com o incremento da densidade de plantas, exceto para as concentrações de N nas folhas do cafeeiro que conviveram com M. aterrima. Os teores de nutrientes nas folhas das plantas daninhas diferiram por espécie, indicando capacidade diferenciada de ciclagem de nutrientes. As espécies daninhas destacaram-se com maior teor foliar de alguns nutrientes, sendo D. horizontalis em P e Fe, B. plantaginea em P, Mg, Mn e Zn e M. aterrima em N, Ca e Zn, independentemente da densidade de infestação.
This work aimed to evaluate nutrient accumulation in young coffee plants and weeds cultivated in competition during 90 days. Mundo Novo coffee seedlings at the stage of four to five pairs of fully-expanded leaves were transplanted into pots with 25 dm- 3 of substrate. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme (4 x 4), with four replications. The treatments were constituted of four weed species: Digitaria horizontalis, Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria plantaginea, and Mucuna aterrina, at four infestation densities (zero, two, four, and six plants per pot), in coexistence with one coffee plant, during 90 days. To determine the foliar nutrient content, leaves were collected from the median part of the coffee plants and of the weeds. When in coexistence with the coffee plants, all the weeds provided a lower nutrient content in the leaves of the culture, mainly with increased plant density, except for the N concentration in the leaves of the coffee plants that coexisted with M. aterrina. The nutrient contents in the leaves of the weeds differed according to the species, indicating differentiated capacity of nutrient recycling. The weeds presented higher content of some nutrients, as follows: D. horizontalis in P and Fe; B. plantaginea in P, Mg, Mn, Zn and M. aterrina in N, Ca and Zn, regardless of infestation density.
This work aimed to evaluate nutrient accumulation in young coffee plants and weeds cultivated in competition during 90 days. Mundo Novo coffee seedlings at the stage of four to five pairs of fully-expanded leaves were transplanted into pots with 25 dm- 3 of substrate. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme (4 x 4), with four replications. The treatments were constituted of four weed species: Digitaria horizontalis, Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria plantaginea, and Mucuna aterrina, at four infestation densities (zero, two, four, and six plants per pot), in coexistence with one coffee plant, during 90 days. To determine the foliar nutrient content, leaves were collected from the median part of the coffee plants and of the weeds. When in coexistence with the coffee plants, all the weeds provided a lower nutrient content in the leaves of the culture, mainly with increased plant density, except for the N concentration in the leaves of the coffee plants that coexisted with M. aterrina. The nutrient contents in the leaves of the weeds differed according to the species, indicating differentiated capacity of nutrient recycling. The weeds presented higher content of some nutrients, as follows: D. horizontalis in P and Fe; B. plantaginea in P, Mg, Mn, Zn and M. aterrina in N, Ca and Zn, regardless of infestation density.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Competição, Nutrição mineral, Mucuna aterrima
Citação
FIALHO, C.M.T. et al. Teor foliar de nutrientes em plantas daninhas e de café cultivadas em competição. Planta Daninha, Viçosa, v. 30, n. 1, p. 65-73, 2012.