Métodos de controle de plantas invasoras em cafeeiros e seus efeitos nos atributos físicos do solo
Data
2013-04-28
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Os diferentes tratos culturais empregados na área de cultivo do café, e dentre eles o controle de plantas invasoras na entrelinha de plantio, podem vir a alterar características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo. Com isso, este trabalho foi realizado no o intuito de avaliar a influência de diferentes métodos de controle de plantas invasoras sobre as características físicas e químicas de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo cultivado com café. Os métodos de controle de plantas invasoras avaliados foram: manutenção da entrelinha coberta com amendoim-forrageiro (Arachis pintoi L.) e capim-braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens); controle mecânico com grade, roçadora, trincha e capina manual; controle químico com herbicidas de pós e pré-emergência e ausência de controle, mantendo a entrelinha sem capina. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, perfazendo um fatorial 9x2x3, sendo os fatores nove métodos de controle, duas profundidades (0-15 e 15-30 cm) e três repetições. Foram realizadas análises para as caracterizações físicas e químicas das camadas amostradas. Os diferentes métodos de controle afetaram, de forma indistinta, o estado de agregação das partículas das camadas de 0-15 e 15-30 cm. A menor estabilidade estrutural, representada pelos menores valores de diâmetro médio geométrico dos agregados (DMG), foi observada quando se realizou o controle das invasoras com herbicida de pré-emergência e grade. Os diferentes métodos de controle afetaram os teores de matéria orgânica do solo que, por sua vez, correlacionaram-se positivamente com a argila dispersa em água e negativamente com o índice de floculação. A utilização da roçadora propiciou as melhores condições químicas do solo, tanto da camada superficial como subsuperficial. A utilização de herbicida de pré-emergência, que mantém a superfície do solo desprovida de cobertura vegetal, influenciou negativamente os atributos químicos do solo, pelo aumento da acidez e a redução dos cátions do complexo sortivo. O capim-braquiária apresentou maior eficiência que o amendoim-forrageiro no manejo da frente alcalina, e os reflexos foram observados tanto na camada superficial como subsuperficial. Também foi observado que os métodos de controle das plantas invasoras afetaram significativamente a retenção de água das camadas superficial e subsuperficial do solo. Os atributos indicadores da qualidade física do solo correlacionaram-se significativamente com o índice S e, considerando os valores de índice S encontrados, os métodos de controle de plantas invasoras não comprometeram a qualidade física do solo.
The different cultural practices employed in the coffee growing area, and among them weed control in inter-rows may eventually change the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. With this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different weed control methods about the physical and chemical properties an Yellow-Red Latosol cultivated with coffee. Were evaluated the following weed control methods: maintaining ground cover with peanut (Arachis pintoi L.) and grass Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens); mechanic control with harrow, mowing, agricultural brush and hand weeding, chemical control with post and pre-emergence herbicides, and no control, maintaining the spacing without weeding. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-plot, making a 9x2x3 factorial, referring to nine treatments, two sampling depths (0-15 and 15-30cm) and three replicates. Were realized physical and chemical analyses of the layers sampled. The different weed control methods affected, indistinctly, the state of particle aggregation in the layers of 0-15 and 15-30 cm. The lower structural stability, represented by low values of geometric mean diameter (GMD) was observed when performed the weed control with pre-emergence herbicide and grid. The different control methods affect the levels of soil organic matter which, in turn, positively correlated with water dispersible clay and negatively with the flocculation rate. The use of rotary mowers provided the best soil chemical characteristics of both the surface layer as subsurface. The use of pre-emergence herbicide, which keeps the soil surface devoid of vegetation, negatively influenced the soil chemical properties, by increasing acidity and reducing the exchangeable cations. The grass Brachiaria was more efficient than the peanut forage in the management of alkaline front, whose effects were observed in both the surface layer as subsurface. It was also observed that the methods of weed control did not significantly affect water retention in surface and subsurface. The attributes indicators of soil physical quality index correlated significantly with S. Considering the values of the S found, methods of weed control did not affect the soil physical quality.
The different cultural practices employed in the coffee growing area, and among them weed control in inter-rows may eventually change the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. With this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different weed control methods about the physical and chemical properties an Yellow-Red Latosol cultivated with coffee. Were evaluated the following weed control methods: maintaining ground cover with peanut (Arachis pintoi L.) and grass Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens); mechanic control with harrow, mowing, agricultural brush and hand weeding, chemical control with post and pre-emergence herbicides, and no control, maintaining the spacing without weeding. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-plot, making a 9x2x3 factorial, referring to nine treatments, two sampling depths (0-15 and 15-30cm) and three replicates. Were realized physical and chemical analyses of the layers sampled. The different weed control methods affected, indistinctly, the state of particle aggregation in the layers of 0-15 and 15-30 cm. The lower structural stability, represented by low values of geometric mean diameter (GMD) was observed when performed the weed control with pre-emergence herbicide and grid. The different control methods affect the levels of soil organic matter which, in turn, positively correlated with water dispersible clay and negatively with the flocculation rate. The use of rotary mowers provided the best soil chemical characteristics of both the surface layer as subsurface. The use of pre-emergence herbicide, which keeps the soil surface devoid of vegetation, negatively influenced the soil chemical properties, by increasing acidity and reducing the exchangeable cations. The grass Brachiaria was more efficient than the peanut forage in the management of alkaline front, whose effects were observed in both the surface layer as subsurface. It was also observed that the methods of weed control did not significantly affect water retention in surface and subsurface. The attributes indicators of soil physical quality index correlated significantly with S. Considering the values of the S found, methods of weed control did not affect the soil physical quality.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Controle do mato, Propriedades do solo, Agregação em Latossolos
Citação
SIQUEIRA, R. H. S. Métodos de controle de plantas invasoras em cafeeiros e seus efeitos nos atributos físicos do solo. 2013. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência do Solo) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2013.