Nutrição, bioquímica e fisiologia de cafeeiros supridos com magnésio
Data
2015-02-23
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Sintomas de deficiência de magnésio têm sido cada vez mais frequentes em lavouras cafeeiras, principalmente naquelas que recebem adubações potássicas elevadas, evidenciados principalmente na face do sol poente, que recebe maiores irradiâncias. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do magnésio (Mg) na nutrição mineral de mudas de cafeeiros (Coffea arábica L.) e sua relação com os processos fisiológicos, dinâmica de carboidratos e trocas gasosas sob diferentes níveis de irradiância. O experimento foi conduzido em condições controladas, em câmaras de crescimento, no Departamento de Fitopatologia da Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA. Foram utilizadas mudas de cafeeiros da cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 379/19. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de cinco doses de Mg (0; 48; 96, 192 e 384 mg L -1 ) e na exposição das mudas à dois níveis de irradiância (80 e 320 μmol fóton m -2 s -1 ). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com 6 repetições sendo uma planta por unidade experimental, totalizando 60 parcelas. Houve grande restrição na absorção de K e Ca e maior absorção de P com o aumento das doses de Mg. As plantas que receberam as maiores doses de Mg apresentaram maior eficiência de absorção deste nutriente. Tanto a deficiência quanto o excesso de Mg causam aumentos nos teores de carboidratos, principalmente de sacarose nas folhas do cafeeiro. As folhas do cafeeiro apresentam maiores teores de sacarose, seguido pelos teores de frutose e glicose, os quais foram superiores aos de galactose. Em condições de deficiência ou excesso de Mg as folhas expostas às maiores irradiâncias acumulam mais carboidratos. O acúmulo de carboidratos nas folhas do cafeeiro causa aumento das atividades das enzimas antioxidantes, em função de uma maior produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs). Altos níveis de irradiância provocaram fotooxidação e sintomas de escaldadura nas folhas dos cafeeiros, de forma mais intensa nas plantas deficientes em Mg e naquelas que receberam doses excessivas deste nutriente. Estes sintomas de escaldadura apareceram somente em folhas velhas. Tanto as doses de Mg quanto os níveis de irradiância provocam alterações nas trocas gasosas do cafeeiro. Independente do nível de irradiância, a nutrição com Mg aumentou a produção de massa seca das plantas. O estudo mostrou que há uma relação intima entre o complexo antioxidante do cafeeiro e o suprimento de Mg em função da irradiância a qual as plantas são submetidas, onde Mg funciona como agente atenuante do estresse oxidativo em condições de estresse causado pelo aumento da irradiância.
Magnesium deficiency symptoms have been increasingly frequent in coffee plantations, especially in those receiving high potassium fertilizing, evidenced mainly on the side of the setting sun, which receives higher irradiance. The present work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effects of magnesium (Mg) over the mineral nutrition of coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.) and its relations with physiological processes, carbohydrate dynamics and gas exchanges with different levels of irradiance. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in growth chambers at the Department of Plant Pathology of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA). We used coffee seedlings of cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 379/19. The treatments consisted of the application of five doses of Mg (0, 48, 96, 192 and 384 mg L -1 ) and the exposure of the plants to two levels of irradiance (80 and 320 μmol photon m -2 s -1 ). The experimental design was in randomized blocks using a 5x2 factorial arrangement, with six replicates and one plant per experimental unit, totalizing 60 plots. There was great restriction on the absorption of K and Ca, and higher absorption of P with the increasing in the doses of Mg. The plants that received the highest doses of Mg presented higher efficiency in absorbing this nutrient. Both deficiency and excess of Mg cause increases in the contents of carbohydrates, especially sucrose, in coffee leaves. The coffee leaves presented higher contents of sucrose, followed by the contents of fructose and glucose, which were superior to those of galactose. In conditions of Mg deficiency or excess, the leaves exposed to higher irradiances accumulate more carbohydrates. The accumulation of carbohydrates in coffee leaves causes increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, due to a higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). High levels of irradiance caused photo-oxidation and sun scald symptoms on the leaves, in a more intense manner on plants with Mg deficiency and on those that received excessive doses of this nutrient. These sun scald symptoms appeared only on old leaves. Both Mg doses and irradiance levels cause changes in gas exchange of the coffee plant. Independent of the irradiance level, nutrition with Mg increased plant production of dry mass. The study showed that there is a close relation between the antioxidant complex of the coffee plant and the supply of Mg in function of irradiance to which the plants are subjected, on which the Mg acts as a mitigating agent of oxidative stress under stressful conditions with the increasing in irradiance.
Magnesium deficiency symptoms have been increasingly frequent in coffee plantations, especially in those receiving high potassium fertilizing, evidenced mainly on the side of the setting sun, which receives higher irradiance. The present work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effects of magnesium (Mg) over the mineral nutrition of coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.) and its relations with physiological processes, carbohydrate dynamics and gas exchanges with different levels of irradiance. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in growth chambers at the Department of Plant Pathology of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA). We used coffee seedlings of cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 379/19. The treatments consisted of the application of five doses of Mg (0, 48, 96, 192 and 384 mg L -1 ) and the exposure of the plants to two levels of irradiance (80 and 320 μmol photon m -2 s -1 ). The experimental design was in randomized blocks using a 5x2 factorial arrangement, with six replicates and one plant per experimental unit, totalizing 60 plots. There was great restriction on the absorption of K and Ca, and higher absorption of P with the increasing in the doses of Mg. The plants that received the highest doses of Mg presented higher efficiency in absorbing this nutrient. Both deficiency and excess of Mg cause increases in the contents of carbohydrates, especially sucrose, in coffee leaves. The coffee leaves presented higher contents of sucrose, followed by the contents of fructose and glucose, which were superior to those of galactose. In conditions of Mg deficiency or excess, the leaves exposed to higher irradiances accumulate more carbohydrates. The accumulation of carbohydrates in coffee leaves causes increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, due to a higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). High levels of irradiance caused photo-oxidation and sun scald symptoms on the leaves, in a more intense manner on plants with Mg deficiency and on those that received excessive doses of this nutrient. These sun scald symptoms appeared only on old leaves. Both Mg doses and irradiance levels cause changes in gas exchange of the coffee plant. Independent of the irradiance level, nutrition with Mg increased plant production of dry mass. The study showed that there is a close relation between the antioxidant complex of the coffee plant and the supply of Mg in function of irradiance to which the plants are subjected, on which the Mg acts as a mitigating agent of oxidative stress under stressful conditions with the increasing in irradiance.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Nutrição do cafeeiro, Escaldadura, Fracionamento de carboidratos, Fotooxidação, Trocas gasosas
Citação
DIAS, K. G. L. Nutrição, bioquímica e fisiologia de cafeeiros supridos com magnésio. 2015. 118 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência do Solo) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2015.