Silício em mudas de cafeeiro: efeito na nutrição mineral e na suscetibilidade à cercosporiose em três variedades
Data
2004-09-17
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A crescente demanda nutricional por variedades de cafeeiros cada vez mais produtivas, assim como a expansão de lavouras para solos de baixa fertilidade natural têm exigido uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica dos nutrientes nessa cultura. Mesmo sem possuir função fisiológica específica e nutricional nas plantas, o silício é considerado útil ou benéfico por reduzir a intensidade de doenças, como a cercosporiose do cafeeiro. Sendo assim, conduziram-se estudos para verificar o efeito do Si na eficiência nutricional de mudas de três variedades de cafeeiro e a suscetibilidade destas à cercosporiose. Em um primeiro experimento avaliou-se o efeito do silício (1g de CaSiO 3 /kg de substrato) no controle dessa doença nas variedades de cafeeiro Catuaí (IAC99), Mundo Novo (IAC379/19) e Icatu (IAC2942). As plantas de Catuaí tratadas com silicato tiveram redução de 63,2% nas folhas lesionadas e de 43% no total de lesões por planta, em relação à testemunha. A microanálise de raios X e o mapeamento para Si indicaram uma distribuição uniforme desse elemento em toda a superfície inferior das folhas de cafeeiro nas três variedades tratadas. Nas imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura também foi observada uma camada de cera bem desenvolvida na superfície inferior das folhas das plantas tratadas. Um segundo experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados e analisado em esquema fatorial (3 X 6) constando de três variedades combinadas com seis doses de silicato de cálcio (T0=0, T1=0,0625, T2=0,125, T3=0,25, T4=0,5 e T5=1,0g de CaSiO 3 /kg) com quatro repetições. A variedade Icatu teve maior eficiência de absorção (EA) de Cu, Zn, Fe e Si, maior eficiência de utilização (EU) de N, K, Ca, B e Mn, não diferindo da Mundo Novo para os nutrientes N, Ca e Mn e maior eficiência de translocação (ET) de N, S, Zn e de Fe. A Catuaí teve maior EA de P, K, B e Mn, não diferindo da Mundo Novo para os nutrientes P, K e Mn, maior EU para Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe e Si, provavelmente devido à melhor ET destes nutrientes menos para Fe e Si. A Mundo Novo foi mais eficiente na absorção de N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn e Si, teve maior EU de P e Mn e maior ET de K , Ca, B, Mn e Si, além de ter a maior relação parte aérea:raízes e o maior peso da matéria seca total.
A better understanding of nutrient dynamics in coffee plants is been required as a function a greater nutritional requirement by more productive coffee cultivars and the expansion of these crops in low natural fertility soils. Silicon is considered to be useful for reducing disease intensity, as the brown eye spot in coffee plants, even so it does not have specific physiologic and nutritional function in plants. In this way, it were conducted studies in order to verify the effect of Si in nutritional efficiency of three cultivars of coffee out plants and their susceptibility to brown eye spot. In a first experiment, it was evaluated the effects of silicon (1g of CaSiO 3 /kg of substrate) in the control of this disease in Catuaí (IAC 99), Mundo Novo (IAC 379/19) and Icatu (IAC 2942) coffee cultivars. The Catuaí plants treated with silicate had a reduction of 63.2% in lesioned leaves and 43% in the total of lesions per plant in relation to the control. The X-ray microanalysis and Si mapping indicated an uniform distribution of this element in all the inferior surface of leaves in all treated cultivars. Scanning electron microscopy images also showed a very developed wax layer on the lower leaf surfaces of treated plants. A second experiment was conducted in randomized blocks and it was analyzed in a 3 x 6 factorial scheme consisting of three cultivars combined with six doses of calcium silicate (T0=0, T1=0.0625, T2=0.125, T3=0.25, T4=0.5, and T5=1.0g of CaSiO 3 /kg) with four replications. The Icatu cultivar had more efficiency of uptake (EA) of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Si, and more efficiency of utilization (EU) of N, K, Ca, B, and Mn, not differing from Mundo Novo cultivar for N, Ca, and Mn, and having more efficiency of translocation (ET) for N, S, Zn, and Fe nutrients. The Catuaí had more EA of P, K, B, and Mn, not differing from Mundo Novo for P, K, and Mn, higher EU for Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Si, probably because of a better ET of these nutrients with exception of Fe and Si. The Mundo Novo was more efficient in N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Si uptake, had higher EU of P and Mn, and higher ET of K, Ca, B, Mn, and Si beyond a higher aerial part: roots ratio and weight of total dry matter.
A better understanding of nutrient dynamics in coffee plants is been required as a function a greater nutritional requirement by more productive coffee cultivars and the expansion of these crops in low natural fertility soils. Silicon is considered to be useful for reducing disease intensity, as the brown eye spot in coffee plants, even so it does not have specific physiologic and nutritional function in plants. In this way, it were conducted studies in order to verify the effect of Si in nutritional efficiency of three cultivars of coffee out plants and their susceptibility to brown eye spot. In a first experiment, it was evaluated the effects of silicon (1g of CaSiO 3 /kg of substrate) in the control of this disease in Catuaí (IAC 99), Mundo Novo (IAC 379/19) and Icatu (IAC 2942) coffee cultivars. The Catuaí plants treated with silicate had a reduction of 63.2% in lesioned leaves and 43% in the total of lesions per plant in relation to the control. The X-ray microanalysis and Si mapping indicated an uniform distribution of this element in all the inferior surface of leaves in all treated cultivars. Scanning electron microscopy images also showed a very developed wax layer on the lower leaf surfaces of treated plants. A second experiment was conducted in randomized blocks and it was analyzed in a 3 x 6 factorial scheme consisting of three cultivars combined with six doses of calcium silicate (T0=0, T1=0.0625, T2=0.125, T3=0.25, T4=0.5, and T5=1.0g of CaSiO 3 /kg) with four replications. The Icatu cultivar had more efficiency of uptake (EA) of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Si, and more efficiency of utilization (EU) of N, K, Ca, B, and Mn, not differing from Mundo Novo cultivar for N, Ca, and Mn, and having more efficiency of translocation (ET) for N, S, Zn, and Fe nutrients. The Catuaí had more EA of P, K, B, and Mn, not differing from Mundo Novo for P, K, and Mn, higher EU for Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Si, probably because of a better ET of these nutrients with exception of Fe and Si. The Mundo Novo was more efficient in N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Si uptake, had higher EU of P and Mn, and higher ET of K, Ca, B, Mn, and Si beyond a higher aerial part: roots ratio and weight of total dry matter.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Nutrição x Doença, Cercospora coffeicola, Eficiência nutricional, Coffea arabica, Controle
Citação
POZZA, A. A. A. Silício em mudas de cafeeiro: efeito na nutrição mineral e na suscetibilidade à cercosporiose em três variedades. 2004. 88 f. Tese (Doutorado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2004