Variabilidade espacial de propriedades físicas de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo em lavoura cafeeira
Data
2011-05-30
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A compactação do solo é um problema antigo e intensificou-se com a modernização da agricultura, principalmente pelo uso de máquinas cada vez maiores e mais pesadas. Neste contexto, este estudo foi realizado com os objetivos de: i) analisar o comportamento compressivo do solo cultivado com cafeeiros na linha de tráfego do trator (LTT) e linha de tráfego da colhedora (LTC); ii) analisar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos físicos do solo, com o uso das técnicas de variografia e krigagem; iii) analisar a variabilidade espacial da pressão de preconsolidação (σ p ) e umidade volumétrica (θ), gerar mapas obtidos com a interpolação, utilizando-se a técnica de krigagem ordinária. O estudo foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG, no município de Patrocínio, MG num Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo. No primeiro estudo foram coletadas amostras indeformadas nas profundidades de 0-3, 10-13 e 25-28 cm em 5 trincheiras. Para a obtenção dos modelos da capacidade de suporte do solo, σ p x potencial matricial (ψ m ) do solo, foram realizados ensaios de compressão uniaxiais com as amostras indeformadas em diferentes ψ m . Os atributos físicos e os modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga (CSC) indicaram que as operações realizadas com o trator Massey Ferguson modelo 275 promoveram maior degradação da estrutura do solo do que a operação realizada com a colhedora Jacto KTR Advance. O ψ m crítico para a LTT foi de 51 kPa, enquanto que para a LTC o ψ m crítico foi de 291 kPa. No segundo e terceiro estudos a amostragem foi realizada após a demarcação de uma malha retangular (40 m x 150 m), onde foram coletadas amostras indeformadas com auxílio do amostrador tipo Uhland em 28 trincheiras. Todos os atributos físicos do solo apresentaram estrutura de dependência espacial, exceto a porosidade total em todas as profundidades. A técnica de krigagem ordinária demonstrou ser uma alternativa viável para a estimativa de dados em pontos não amostrados na área experimental. A profundidade 0-3 cm apresentou maior impedimento físico do solo, pois apresentou maior densidade do solo e menores valores de macroporosidade do solo. A σ p e θ do solo apresentaram estrutura de dependência espacial. A profundidade de 0-3 cm apresentou maior CSC do solo indicando que esta profundidade está mais compactada em relação às demais profundidades. Com base nos mapas da σ p , o trator e a colhedora não devem trafegar na área para a umidade igual a 0,45 m 3 m -3 , pois o solo possui CSC de 200 kPa nesta condição. Se essa condição for desrespeitada, a compactação adicional poderá ocorrer. Para o tráfego do trator, deve-se esperar por um período, para que a θ atinja um valor menor que 0,36 m 3 m -3 , enquanto que para o tráfego da colhedora deve-se esperar a θ atingir valor menor que 0,30 m3 m-3.
Soil compaction is an old problem and it has intensified with the modernization of agriculture, especially by the use of machines bigger and heavier. In this context, the objectives of this study were: i) to analyze the compressive behavior of the soil cultivated with coffee plantation in the tractor traffic line (TTL) and in the combine traffic line (CTL); ii) to analyze the spatial variability of the soil physical attributes, using techniques of kriging and variography; iii) to analyze the spatial variability of the preconsolidation pressure (σ p ) and volumetric water content (θ), generate maps obtained by interpolation, using the technique of ordinary kriging. This study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of EPAMIG, in Patrocínio, MG in a Red-Yellow Latosol (Oxisol). In the first study undisturbed soil samples were collected at 0- 3, 10-13 and 25-28 cm depths in five trenches. To obtain the soil bearing capacity models (σ p as a function of the soil matric potentials), uniaxial compression test were performed using undisturbed soil samples, at different soils matric potentials. The physical attributes and the bearing capacity models indicated that the operations carried out with the Massey Ferguson Tractor model 275 promoted further soil structure degradation (soil compaction) than the KTR Advance Combine. In order to avoid additional soil compaction the critical matric potential for the tractor traffic line was 51 kPa while for the combine traffic line the critical matric potential was 291 kPa. In the second and third studies the undisturbed soil sampling was performed after the demarcation of a rectangular grid (40 m x 150 m) using Uhland sampler in the 28 trenches. All the physical attributes showed spatial dependence structure, except the total porosity at all depths. The ordinary kriging technique proved to be a viable alternative for the estimation of data points not sampled in the experimental area. The 0-3cm depth showed greater soil physical impairment because the soil had the highest bulk density and lowest soil macroporosity. The σ p and θ showed spatial structure dependence. The depth of 0-3 cm showed higher load-bearing capacity indicating that this depth is more compacted compared to other depths. Based on the σ p maps, the Massey Ferguson tractor model 275 and the KTR Advance Combine should not to traffic in the area for water content of 0,45 m 3 m -3 because the soil has load-bearing capacity of 200 kPa. If this condition is not respected, the additional compaction will occur. For the tractor traffic line, one should wait for a period so that the water content reaches values less than 0,36 m 3 m -3 , while for the combine traffic line one should wait the water content to reaches values less than 0,30 m3 m-3.
Soil compaction is an old problem and it has intensified with the modernization of agriculture, especially by the use of machines bigger and heavier. In this context, the objectives of this study were: i) to analyze the compressive behavior of the soil cultivated with coffee plantation in the tractor traffic line (TTL) and in the combine traffic line (CTL); ii) to analyze the spatial variability of the soil physical attributes, using techniques of kriging and variography; iii) to analyze the spatial variability of the preconsolidation pressure (σ p ) and volumetric water content (θ), generate maps obtained by interpolation, using the technique of ordinary kriging. This study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of EPAMIG, in Patrocínio, MG in a Red-Yellow Latosol (Oxisol). In the first study undisturbed soil samples were collected at 0- 3, 10-13 and 25-28 cm depths in five trenches. To obtain the soil bearing capacity models (σ p as a function of the soil matric potentials), uniaxial compression test were performed using undisturbed soil samples, at different soils matric potentials. The physical attributes and the bearing capacity models indicated that the operations carried out with the Massey Ferguson Tractor model 275 promoted further soil structure degradation (soil compaction) than the KTR Advance Combine. In order to avoid additional soil compaction the critical matric potential for the tractor traffic line was 51 kPa while for the combine traffic line the critical matric potential was 291 kPa. In the second and third studies the undisturbed soil sampling was performed after the demarcation of a rectangular grid (40 m x 150 m) using Uhland sampler in the 28 trenches. All the physical attributes showed spatial dependence structure, except the total porosity at all depths. The ordinary kriging technique proved to be a viable alternative for the estimation of data points not sampled in the experimental area. The 0-3cm depth showed greater soil physical impairment because the soil had the highest bulk density and lowest soil macroporosity. The σ p and θ showed spatial structure dependence. The depth of 0-3 cm showed higher load-bearing capacity indicating that this depth is more compacted compared to other depths. Based on the σ p maps, the Massey Ferguson tractor model 275 and the KTR Advance Combine should not to traffic in the area for water content of 0,45 m 3 m -3 because the soil has load-bearing capacity of 200 kPa. If this condition is not respected, the additional compaction will occur. For the tractor traffic line, one should wait for a period so that the water content reaches values less than 0,36 m 3 m -3 , while for the combine traffic line one should wait the water content to reaches values less than 0,30 m3 m-3.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Pressão de preconsolidação, Geoestatística, Umidade do solo
Citação
KAMIMURA, K. M. Variabilidade espacial de propriedades físicas de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo em lavoura cafeeira. 2011. 129 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência do Solo) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2011.