Evidência isoenzímica sobre a origem interespecífica do café Piatã
Data
1995-07
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Instituto Agronômico (IAC)
Resumo
Encontrou-se, anos atrás, em uma lavoura de Coffea arabica (2n = 44), uma forma de café bastante distinta das demais. Inicialmente, julgou-se tratar de um cafeeiro autotetraplóide de C. liberica (2n = 22) ou de C. dewevrei (2n = 22). Estudos morfológicos e citológicos de tal cafeeiro, denominado Piatã (prefixo C387 da Seção de Genética do IAC), assim como de seus descendentes, indicaram tratar-se, provavelmente, de um híbrido natural derivado da união de um gameta normal de C. arabica e de um não reduzido de C. dewevrei. No presente trabalho, os estudos dos padrões eletroforéticos das enzimas PGI, PGM e ADH do endosperma de sementes confirmaram a origem interespecífica do café Piatã. A combinação de alelos dessas enzimas é distinta e específica para C. dewevrei e C. arabica e tais alelos segregam nas sementes do cafeeiro Piatã. O estudo das isoenzimas das sementes mostram também que, ao contrário do que se pensava, o café Piatã não é auto-incompatível, sendo freqüente a autofecundação. Análises semelhantes, além de úteis na identificação de outros híbridos naturais entre espécies de Coffea, serão de grande valia nos trabalhos básicos de genética, evolução e melhoramento do cafeeiro, nos quais importa conhecer a origem, constituição genética e biologia da reprodução das plantas.
Years ago it was found in a field of Coffea arabica (2n = 44) a coffee tree different from any other known so far. Initially it was thought to be an autotetraploid either of C. liberica (2n = 22) or of C. dewevrei (2n = 22). Morphological and cytological studies of this tree and its progeny, designated by the prefix C387 of the Department of Genetics, IAC and named Piatã, indicated that it was probably a natural hybrid originated from the fusion of a normal gamete (n = 22) of C. arabica and an unreduced gamete (2n = 22) of C. dewevrei. In the present study the isoenzyme banding patterns for the enzymes PGI, PGM and ADH of the seeds endosperm of Piatã confirmed its interspecific origin. The alleles of combination of C. dewevrei and C. arabica for the aforementioned isoenzymes is peculiar and distinct for these species, and such alleles segregate in the seeds of the Piatã. Isoenzymatic studies on seeds showed also that Piatã coffee is self-compatible, and not self-incompatible as it was believed. Indeed, autogamy is quite frequent in the Piatã coffee. Similar analyses may be useful for the identification of other natural hybrids among Coffea species. This could be of great value for genetic and evolution studies, and breeding of coffee, where the knowledge of the origin, genotype constitution and reproductive biology of the plants is important.
Years ago it was found in a field of Coffea arabica (2n = 44) a coffee tree different from any other known so far. Initially it was thought to be an autotetraploid either of C. liberica (2n = 22) or of C. dewevrei (2n = 22). Morphological and cytological studies of this tree and its progeny, designated by the prefix C387 of the Department of Genetics, IAC and named Piatã, indicated that it was probably a natural hybrid originated from the fusion of a normal gamete (n = 22) of C. arabica and an unreduced gamete (2n = 22) of C. dewevrei. In the present study the isoenzyme banding patterns for the enzymes PGI, PGM and ADH of the seeds endosperm of Piatã confirmed its interspecific origin. The alleles of combination of C. dewevrei and C. arabica for the aforementioned isoenzymes is peculiar and distinct for these species, and such alleles segregate in the seeds of the Piatã. Isoenzymatic studies on seeds showed also that Piatã coffee is self-compatible, and not self-incompatible as it was believed. Indeed, autogamy is quite frequent in the Piatã coffee. Similar analyses may be useful for the identification of other natural hybrids among Coffea species. This could be of great value for genetic and evolution studies, and breeding of coffee, where the knowledge of the origin, genotype constitution and reproductive biology of the plants is important.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea, C. dewevrei, C. arabica, Isoenzimas, Híbrido interespecífico
Citação
MEDINA FILHO, H. P. et al. Evidência isoenzímica sobre a origem interespecífica do café Piatã. Bragantia, Campinas, v. 54, n. 2, p. 263-273, Jul./Dez. 1995.