VARIAÇÃO NOS TEORES DE COMPOSTOS HIDROSSOLÚVEIS COM O TRATAMENTO PÓS-COLHEITA E GRAU DE TORRA DO CAFÉ ARÁBICA
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2011
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Resumo
A composição química do café é influenciada por fatores como o grau de torra, espécie e os processamentos de colheita e pós-colheita que a matéria-prima é submetida. A boa condução destes processos se reflete na qualidade final do produto em termos de características sensoriais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as modificações na composição em compostos hidrossolúveis (ácido nicotínico, trigonelina, ácido clorogênico e cafeína) dos grãos de café arábica (natural e cereja descascado) em três graus de torra (clara, média e escura). Cafés arábica (IAPAR 59), coletados nos campos experimentais do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (Londrina, PR) em estágio cereja, foram submetidos a diferentes processamentos: secados ao sol naturalmente (denominados cereja natural, CN) ou lavados e descascados antes da secagem (cereja descascado, CD). A torra foi conduzida a três graus: torra clara (13% de perda de peso, L* de 35,01±2,46), média (17%, L* de 27,5±1,34) e escura (20%, L* de 23,6±0,67). Os compostos hidrossolúveis foram identificados e quantificados por cromatografia líquida de fase reversa (CLAE) empregando coluna Spherisorb ODS 1 e sistema de eluição gradiente. O aumento do grau de torra reduziu o teor de trigonelina e 5- ACQ e aumentou o teor de ácido nicotínico em todos os cafés. O tratamento pós-colheita também influenciou a composição. Para o grau de torra clara, o processamento natural apresentou os maiores teores de trigonelina e 5-ACQ comparado com o CD, atribuídos provavelmente a não remoção da casca e polpa. Com o aumento do grau de torra observou-se maior perda de trigonelina e 5-ACQ no CN, resultando em maiores teores de ácido nicotínico. Esses comportamentos indicam a necessidade de padronização dos processamentos pós-colheita e de torra simultaneamente, de maneira que a composição favoreça as características de qualidade do café.
The chemical composition of coffee is influenced by factors such as roasting degree, species and the harvest and post-harvest process to which raw material is submitted. The appropriate conduct of these processes leads to a coffee with better quality considering the sensory characteristics. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the composition in hidro-soluble compounds (nicotinic acid, trigonelline, chlorogenic acid and caffeine) of arabica coffee beans (natural – CN and pulped – CD) in three roasting degrees (light, medium and dark). Arabica coffees (IAPAR 59) were collected from experimental fields of the Agronomy Institute of Paraná (Londrina, PR) on cherry stage. Different post-harvest treatments were applied: naturally dried in the sun (called natural) and washed and peeled before dry process (pulped). Different degrees of roasting were applied: light (weight loss of 13%, L * of 35.1 ± 2.46), medium (17%, L * of 27.5 ± 1.34) and dark (20 %, L * of 23.6 ± 0.67). Reverse phase liquid chromatographic (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the soluble compounds. A Spherisorb ODS 1 column and gradient elution were applied. For all coffees, the increase in roasting degree reduced the contents of trigonelline and 5-ACQ and increased the nicotinic acid. The post-harvest treatment also influenced the coffee composition. For the light degree of roast, the natural processing showed the highest levels of trigonelline and 5-CQA, compared with the CD, probably attributed to not removing of the skin and pulp. With increasing degree of roasting, there was greater loss of trigonelline and 5-CQA in the CN, resulting in higher levels of nicotinic acid. This behavior indicates the need for standardization of post-harvest processing and roasting simultaneously, so that the composition promotes the quality of coffee.
The chemical composition of coffee is influenced by factors such as roasting degree, species and the harvest and post-harvest process to which raw material is submitted. The appropriate conduct of these processes leads to a coffee with better quality considering the sensory characteristics. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the composition in hidro-soluble compounds (nicotinic acid, trigonelline, chlorogenic acid and caffeine) of arabica coffee beans (natural – CN and pulped – CD) in three roasting degrees (light, medium and dark). Arabica coffees (IAPAR 59) were collected from experimental fields of the Agronomy Institute of Paraná (Londrina, PR) on cherry stage. Different post-harvest treatments were applied: naturally dried in the sun (called natural) and washed and peeled before dry process (pulped). Different degrees of roasting were applied: light (weight loss of 13%, L * of 35.1 ± 2.46), medium (17%, L * of 27.5 ± 1.34) and dark (20 %, L * of 23.6 ± 0.67). Reverse phase liquid chromatographic (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the soluble compounds. A Spherisorb ODS 1 column and gradient elution were applied. For all coffees, the increase in roasting degree reduced the contents of trigonelline and 5-ACQ and increased the nicotinic acid. The post-harvest treatment also influenced the coffee composition. For the light degree of roast, the natural processing showed the highest levels of trigonelline and 5-CQA, compared with the CD, probably attributed to not removing of the skin and pulp. With increasing degree of roasting, there was greater loss of trigonelline and 5-CQA in the CN, resulting in higher levels of nicotinic acid. This behavior indicates the need for standardization of post-harvest processing and roasting simultaneously, so that the composition promotes the quality of coffee.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
CLAE, ácido nicotínico, trigonelina, cafeína, 5-ACQ., HPLC, nicotinic acid, trigonelline, caffeine, 5-CQA.
Citação
Kitzberger, Cíntia Sorane Good; Scholz, Maria Brígida dos Santos; Benassi, Marta de Toledo. Variação nos teores de compostos hidrossolúveis com o tratamento pós-colheita e grau de torra do café arábica. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 6p.