Eficiência e razão de Hedge: uma análise dos mercados futuro brasileiros de boi, café, etanol, milho e soja
Data
2013-09-08
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Resumo
Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar a eficiência e razão ótima de hedge para os mercados futuro de boi, café, etanol, milho e soja. Este trabalho tratou a razão ótima e efetividade de hedge através de modelos GARCH multivariados com termo de correção de erro, atentando para o possível fenômeno de diferenciais de razão ótima de hedge nos períodos de safra e entressafra. A razão ótima de hedge deve ser maior na entressafra devido à maior incerteza com relação a um possível choque de oferta (LAZZARINI, 2010). Dentre os contratos futuros tratados nesta pesquisa, os contratos de café, etanol e soja ainda não foram objeto de investigação desse fenômeno. Além disso, os contratos futuros de milho e etanol ainda não foram objeto de pesquisas que tratam de estratégias de hedge dinâmico. Este trabalho se diferencia ainda por incluir o mecanismo de correção de erro na modelagem GARCH, o que nunca foi considerado ao se investigar possíveis diferenciais de razão ótima de hedge nos períodos de safra e entressafra. Foram utilizadas como preço futuro das commodities as cotações das mesmas no mercado futuro da BM&FBOVESPA e como preço à vista o índice CEPEA, no período de maio de 2010 a junho de 2013 para boi, café, etanol e milho e até agosto de 2012 para a soja, com frequência diária. Foram obtidos resultados semelhantes para todas as commodities. Há relação de longo prazo entre os mercados à vista e futuro, bicausalidade entre os preços à vista e futuro do boi, café, etanol e milho, e unicausalidade do preço futuro da soja sobre o preço à vista. A razão ótima de hedge foi estimada a partir de três diferentes estratégias: regressão linear por MQO, modelo BEKK-GARCH diagonal e modelo BEKK-GARCH diagonal com dummy de entresssafra. O modelo de regressão por MQO apontou para a ineficiência de hedge, tendo em vista que as razões ótimas apresentadas foram muito baixas. O segundo modelo, que representa a estratégia de hedge dinâmico, captou variações temporais na razão ótima. A última estratégia de hedge não detectou diferencial de razões ótimas de hedge entre os períodos de safra e entressafra, logo, ao contrário do que se esperava, o investidor não precisa aumentar seu investimento no mercado futuro durante a entressafra.
This research aims to investigate the Hedge Efficiency and Optimal Hedge Ratio for the future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol, corn and soybean. This paper uses the Optimal Hedge Ratio and Hedge Effectiveness through multivariate GARCH models with error correction, attempting to the possible phenomenon of Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period. The Optimal Hedge Ratio must be bigger in the intercrop period due to the uncertainty related to a possible supply shock (LAZZARINI, 2010). Among the future contracts studied in this research, the coffee, ethanol and soybean contracts were not object of this phenomenon investigation, yet. Furthermore, the corn and ethanol contracts were not object of researches which deal with Dynamic Hedging Strategy. This paper distinguishes itself for including the GARCH model with error correction, which it was never considered when the possible Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period were investigated. The commodities quotation were used as future price in the market future of BM&FBOVESPA and as spot market, the CEPEA index, in the period from May 2010 to June 2013 to cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and to August 2012 to soybean, with daily frequency. Similar results were achieved for all the commodities. There is a long term relationship among the spot market and future market, bicausality and the spot market and future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and unicausality of the future price of soybean on spot price. The Optimal Hedge Ratio was estimated from three different strategies: linear regression by MQO, BEKK-GARCH diagonal model, and BEKK-GARCH diagonal with intercrop dummy. The MQO regression model, pointed out the Hedge inefficiency, taking into consideration that the Optimal Hedge presented was too low. The second model represents the strategy of dynamic hedge, which collected time variations in the Optimal Hedge. The last Hedge strategy did not detect Optimal Hedge Ratio differential between the crop and intercrop period, therefore, unlikely what they expected, the investor do not need increase his/her investment in the future market during the intercrop.
This research aims to investigate the Hedge Efficiency and Optimal Hedge Ratio for the future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol, corn and soybean. This paper uses the Optimal Hedge Ratio and Hedge Effectiveness through multivariate GARCH models with error correction, attempting to the possible phenomenon of Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period. The Optimal Hedge Ratio must be bigger in the intercrop period due to the uncertainty related to a possible supply shock (LAZZARINI, 2010). Among the future contracts studied in this research, the coffee, ethanol and soybean contracts were not object of this phenomenon investigation, yet. Furthermore, the corn and ethanol contracts were not object of researches which deal with Dynamic Hedging Strategy. This paper distinguishes itself for including the GARCH model with error correction, which it was never considered when the possible Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period were investigated. The commodities quotation were used as future price in the market future of BM&FBOVESPA and as spot market, the CEPEA index, in the period from May 2010 to June 2013 to cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and to August 2012 to soybean, with daily frequency. Similar results were achieved for all the commodities. There is a long term relationship among the spot market and future market, bicausality and the spot market and future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and unicausality of the future price of soybean on spot price. The Optimal Hedge Ratio was estimated from three different strategies: linear regression by MQO, BEKK-GARCH diagonal model, and BEKK-GARCH diagonal with intercrop dummy. The MQO regression model, pointed out the Hedge inefficiency, taking into consideration that the Optimal Hedge presented was too low. The second model represents the strategy of dynamic hedge, which collected time variations in the Optimal Hedge. The last Hedge strategy did not detect Optimal Hedge Ratio differential between the crop and intercrop period, therefore, unlikely what they expected, the investor do not need increase his/her investment in the future market during the intercrop.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.
Palavras-chave
Mercados de agronegócio, Razão ótima de Hedge, Efetividade, Modelos GARCH
Citação
NOGUEIRA, C. M. S. Eficiência e razão de Hedge: uma análise dos mercados futuro brasileiros de boi, café, etanol, milho e soja. 2013. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal. 2013.