Qualidade dos cafés verde-cana e cereja preparados por via úmida.
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2011-02-23
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Contribuições significativas para a melhoria da qualidade e consequente remuneração são atribuídas ao preparo do café via úmida. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o rendimento e o potencial de qualidade do café colhido no estádio verde-cana, quando preparado por via úmida. O trabalho foi conduzido na Unidade de Processamento de Café do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram utilizadas amostras provenientes de sete lotes de café arábica. As amostras de código 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 foram extraídas de lotes colhidos na região de Viçosa-MG. Os lotes 6 e 7 foram colhidos no município de Vargem Alta-ES. Todo o café foi submetido ao preparo via úmida, e a fração de frutos verdes e verde-cana foi separada mecanicamente da fração cereja pelo próprio descascador. Os grãos em pergaminho foram esparramados em terreiro de concreto a pleno sol durante um dia, para pré-secagem. Após este período, o café foi transferido para terreiro suspenso onde permaneceu até atingir umidade em torno de 10,5 a 11%. Em seguida, as amostras foram beneficiadas, padronizadas e classificadas quanto a defeitos e peneira para determinação do peso de matéria seca de 100 grãos e da condutividade elétrica do exsudato após embebição de 3,5 e 5 horas, além da análise sensorial por prova de xícara. O experimento foi montado segundo um esquema fatorial 7x2 (7 lotes de café e dois níveis de maturação: cereja e verde-cana), em DIC com quatro repetições. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de variância. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste F e pelo critério de Scott-Knott a 5%. Como resultado, grãos provenientes de frutos cereja apresentaram maior tamanho e maior peso de massa seca e menor quantidade de defeitos, conferindo maior rendimento a esta fração. Após 3,5 horas de embebição, foi possível determinar com segurança a condutividade elétrica do exsudato dos grãos. A fração verde-cana apresentou maior condutividade, no entanto, o resultado situou-se ainda em níveis baixos. A análise sensorial da bebida não detectou diferenças entre os níveis de maturação. Grãos provenientes de frutos verde-cana, classificados como peneira 16 e acima sem defeitos, apresentam qualidade da bebida equivalente ao café cereja, alcançando na análise sensorial por prova de xícara notas finais acima de 75 pontos na escala BSCA.
Significant contributions to improving the quality and the resulting compensation are assigned to the coffee wet processing. This study aimed to determine the yield and quality potential of the coffee picked in stage green- cane, when prepared by wet processing. The study was conducted at Unidade de Processamento de Café in the Departamento de Fitotecnia of Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Samples from seven batches of Arabica coffee were used. The samples of code 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were extracted from batches picked from Viçosa - MG. Lots 6 and 7 were collected in the municipality of Vargem Alta - ES. All the coffee was submitted to the wet processing, and the fraction of green fruits and green-cane was mechanically separated of the fraction cherry fruits. The grains with parchment were exposed in concrete yard in full sun for a day, for pre-drying. After this time the coffee was transferred to the suspended yard where it remained until moisture around 10.5 to 11%. Then the samples were treated, standardized and classified as defects and sieve to determine the dry weight of 100 grains and the electrical conductivity of the exudate after soaking in 3.5 and 5 hours, beyond the sensory analysis. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The treatments were arranged in 7 x 2 factorial (seven batches of coffee and two levels of ripeness: green-cane and cherry). The averages of the plots were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance level. As a result grains from cherry fruits of larger size and greater weight of dry matter and fewer defects, improving the yield fraction. After 3.5 hours of soaking was possible to determine with certainty the electrical conductivity of the exudate of the grains. The fraction of green-cane showed the highest conductivity, however, the result was still at low levels. The analysis of the beverage did not detect differences between levels of maturity and was given a satisfactory rating for all treatments.
Significant contributions to improving the quality and the resulting compensation are assigned to the coffee wet processing. This study aimed to determine the yield and quality potential of the coffee picked in stage green- cane, when prepared by wet processing. The study was conducted at Unidade de Processamento de Café in the Departamento de Fitotecnia of Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Samples from seven batches of Arabica coffee were used. The samples of code 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were extracted from batches picked from Viçosa - MG. Lots 6 and 7 were collected in the municipality of Vargem Alta - ES. All the coffee was submitted to the wet processing, and the fraction of green fruits and green-cane was mechanically separated of the fraction cherry fruits. The grains with parchment were exposed in concrete yard in full sun for a day, for pre-drying. After this time the coffee was transferred to the suspended yard where it remained until moisture around 10.5 to 11%. Then the samples were treated, standardized and classified as defects and sieve to determine the dry weight of 100 grains and the electrical conductivity of the exudate after soaking in 3.5 and 5 hours, beyond the sensory analysis. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The treatments were arranged in 7 x 2 factorial (seven batches of coffee and two levels of ripeness: green-cane and cherry). The averages of the plots were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance level. As a result grains from cherry fruits of larger size and greater weight of dry matter and fewer defects, improving the yield fraction. After 3.5 hours of soaking was possible to determine with certainty the electrical conductivity of the exudate of the grains. The fraction of green-cane showed the highest conductivity, however, the result was still at low levels. The analysis of the beverage did not detect differences between levels of maturity and was given a satisfactory rating for all treatments.
Descrição
Tese de doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica; Café - Qualidade; Café - Preparo; Café - Maturação.
Citação
Dalvi, Leandro Pin. Qualidade dos cafés verde-cana e cereja preparados por via úmida. Viçosa : UFV, Impr. Univ., 2011, 58p. il.: (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) Orientador: Ney Sussumo Sakiyama T 633.73 D152q 2011