Tratamento da água sob recirculação em escala laboratorial, na despolpa dos frutos do cafeeiro
Data
2004-02-09
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Este trabalho foi conduzido em escala laboratorial, no Laboratório de Água e Solo do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da UFV, com o objetivo de avaliar s eficiência do sistema tratamento físico e físico-químico da água residuária da despolpa de frutos do cafeeiro (ARDC), com o uso dos coagulantes: sulfato de alumínio, sulfato férrico, sulfato ferroso clorado, cloreto férrico e extrato de semente de moringa. Foram feitos testes utilizando o aparelho “Jar-test” para determinar a dose e a faixa de pH em que foram obtidas as maiores reduções da turbidez na ARDC, após 5 recirculações. Ensaios de sedimentação de sólidos em suspensão (SS) foram realizados em coluna, para quantificação da redução na concentração de SS na ARDC, ao longo da coluna Estes ensaios foram executados, utilizando-se os valores de concentração ou dose, nas faixas de pH definidas, no ensaio anterior, como as mais adequadas para a coagulação/floculação. Utilizando-se um protótipo em acrílico, constituído de grade, vertedor triangular, canal, sedimentador e filtro orgânico avaliou-se a eficiência do sistema no tratamento da ARDC em recirculação. Analisando os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que: a) No ensaio de coagulação/floculação, o extrato de semente de moringa apresentou maior remoção de SS com a dose de 10 mL L -1 e pH de 4,27. Para os coagulantes sulfato de alumínio, sulfato férrico e cloreto férrico o melhor resultado foi obtido para a concentração de 3 g L -1 e pH de 7,27 e para o coagulante sulfato ferroso clorado, com a concentração de 3g L -1 e pH de 4,27; b) Na coluna de sedimentação, o extrato de semente de moringa, sulfato férrico e sulfato de alumínio proporcionaram remoção em torno de 80% de SS; c) Observou-se contínuo acréscimo nos valores de todas as variáveis físicas e químicas analisadas no efluente do sistema de tratamento (protótipo), na condição em que a ARDC em recirculação não tenha recebido coagulante; d) O coagulante sulfato férrico foi o coagulante mais eficiente para a remoção de DBO, DQO e CE da ARDC; e) Em relação à contaminação fúngica, o sulfato de alumínio proporcionou significativa diminuição na quantidade de fungos presentes nos grãos processados com a água em recirculação; f) A adição de coagulantes na ARDC não proporcionou diferença significativa da qualidade de bebida dos grãos de café, em escala laboratorial; g) O extrato de semente de moringa pode ser considerado boa alternativa para o tratamento da ARDC, quando o objetivo principal é a remoção de sólidos em suspensão, porém o tempo de detenção hidráulica para o referido coagulante é de 90 minutos, isto é, 6 vezes maior que o requerido pelos demais, o que poderá acarretar expressivo aumento nas dimensões do sistema de tratamento.
This study was carried out at the Water and Soil Laboratory pertaining to the UFV Agricultural Engineering Department aiming to evaluate the efficiency of the physical and physiochemical treatment of the wastewater from the coffee cherries pulping (ARDC), by using the coagulants: aluminum sulfate, ferric sulfate, chlorinated ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and the calabash seed extract. The Jar-test apparatus was used in order to determine the dose and pH range in which the highest reductions of turbidity in ARDC were obtained after five recirculations. A number of assays for the suspended solid (SS) settlement were accomplished in column in order to quantify the reduction in SS concentration in ARDC throughout the column. These assays were accomplished, by using those values of concentration or dose at the pH ranges defined as the most appropriate for the coagulation/flocculation at the previous assay. The efficiency of the system in treatment of the recirculating ARDC was evaluated, by using an acrylic prototype consisting of screen, triangular weir, channel, settler and organic filter. According to the results, the following conclusions were drawn: a) in the coagulation/flocculation assay, the calabash seed extract showed higher removal of the suspended solids at a dose of 10 mL L -1 and pH 4.27. For aluminum sulfate, ferric sulfate and ferric chloride, the best results were obtained at the concentration of 3 g L -1 and pH 7.27, whereas for the chlorinated ferrous sulfate they were reached at the concentration of 3g L -1 and pH 4.27; b) in the settlement column, the calabash seed extract, ferric sulfate and aluminum sulfate provided a removal around 80% suspended solids; c) a continuous increment was observed in the values of all physical and chemical variables analyzed in the effluent of the treatment system (prototype), under the condition that the recirculating ARDC has not received any coagulant; d) the ferric sulfate was the most efficient coagulant in removing the DBO, DQO and CE of ARDC; e) in relation to fungus contamination, the aluminum sulfate provided a significant decrease in the amount of fungus in the coffee cherries processed with recirculating water; f) the coagulant addition into ARDC provided no significant differences in the quality of the coffee cherries beverage at laboratory scale; g) the calabash seed extract may be considered as a good alternative for the treatment of ARDC, when the main objective is the removal of the suspended solids, but the time of hydraulic detention for this coagulant is 90 minutes, that is, 6 times higher than that required by the other ones, what might lead to an expressive increase in the dimensions of the treatment system.
This study was carried out at the Water and Soil Laboratory pertaining to the UFV Agricultural Engineering Department aiming to evaluate the efficiency of the physical and physiochemical treatment of the wastewater from the coffee cherries pulping (ARDC), by using the coagulants: aluminum sulfate, ferric sulfate, chlorinated ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and the calabash seed extract. The Jar-test apparatus was used in order to determine the dose and pH range in which the highest reductions of turbidity in ARDC were obtained after five recirculations. A number of assays for the suspended solid (SS) settlement were accomplished in column in order to quantify the reduction in SS concentration in ARDC throughout the column. These assays were accomplished, by using those values of concentration or dose at the pH ranges defined as the most appropriate for the coagulation/flocculation at the previous assay. The efficiency of the system in treatment of the recirculating ARDC was evaluated, by using an acrylic prototype consisting of screen, triangular weir, channel, settler and organic filter. According to the results, the following conclusions were drawn: a) in the coagulation/flocculation assay, the calabash seed extract showed higher removal of the suspended solids at a dose of 10 mL L -1 and pH 4.27. For aluminum sulfate, ferric sulfate and ferric chloride, the best results were obtained at the concentration of 3 g L -1 and pH 7.27, whereas for the chlorinated ferrous sulfate they were reached at the concentration of 3g L -1 and pH 4.27; b) in the settlement column, the calabash seed extract, ferric sulfate and aluminum sulfate provided a removal around 80% suspended solids; c) a continuous increment was observed in the values of all physical and chemical variables analyzed in the effluent of the treatment system (prototype), under the condition that the recirculating ARDC has not received any coagulant; d) the ferric sulfate was the most efficient coagulant in removing the DBO, DQO and CE of ARDC; e) in relation to fungus contamination, the aluminum sulfate provided a significant decrease in the amount of fungus in the coffee cherries processed with recirculating water; f) the coagulant addition into ARDC provided no significant differences in the quality of the coffee cherries beverage at laboratory scale; g) the calabash seed extract may be considered as a good alternative for the treatment of ARDC, when the main objective is the removal of the suspended solids, but the time of hydraulic detention for this coagulant is 90 minutes, that is, 6 times higher than that required by the other ones, what might lead to an expressive increase in the dimensions of the treatment system.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Águas residuais - Purificação, Resíduos agrícolas, Café - Beneficiamento, Café - Indústria
Citação
CABANELLAS, C. F. G. Tratamento da água sob recirculação em escala laboratorial, na despolpa dos frutos do cafeeiro. 2004. 103 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2004.