Translocação do inseticida tiametoxam no floema de mamoneira e cafeeiro
Data
2009-03-20
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Objetivou-se neste trabalho investigar a translocação do tiametoxam no floema de mamoneira, utilizada como planta-modelo, a influência de adjuvantes na penetração do tiametoxam nas folhas dessa planta e a translocação desse inseticida no floema de cafeeiro. Foram utilizadas mamoneiras com três semanas de idade, desenvolvendo-se em solução nutritiva; mudas de cafeeiro plantadas em vasos, em casa-de-vegetação, e uma lavoura de cafeeiro, com plantas de cinco anos de idade. As mamoneiras receberam uma solução aquosa concentrada de tiametoxam, via injeção nos pecíolos, ou pulverização de calda desse inseticida, sem e com adição de adjuvantes, sobre as folhas desenvolvidas. As mudas de cafeeiro receberam uma pulverização de calda e, em campo, o tiametoxam foi aplicado na forma de esguicho no colo das plantas de cafeeiro. As determinações quantitativas do tiametoxam foram realizadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Constataram-se a translocação do tiametoxam tanto no xilema como no floema de mamoneira e sua redistribuição no interior da planta, seja quando injetado nos pecíolos ou quando aplicado em pulverização sobre as folhas. Os adjuvantes testados não influenciaram expressivamente a penetração do tiametoxam nas folhas de mamoneira. Observou-se uma baixa taxa de penetração do tiametoxam quando pulverizado sobre folhas de cafeeiro, ficando o composto bastante exposto à fotodegradação e, conseqüentemente, pouco disponível para transporte no floema. Em campo, após aplicação no colo da planta, foi observado que o transporte do tiametoxam para os frutos do cafeeiro ocorre não apenas via xilema, mas também via floema, das folhas para os frutos, sendo que os teores de tiametoxam encontrados nos frutos beneficiados estiveram em conformidade com aqueles toleráveis para grãos de café e para utilização das cascas em alimentação de animais. O transporte do tiametoxam para os frutos proporcionou um controle parcial da broca-do-café, quando frutos coletados no campo foram expostos a fêmeas adultas dessa praga.
It was aimed in this work to investigate the translocation of thiamethoxam in the phloem of castor bean plant, used as model plant, the influence of adjuvants on the penetration of this insecticide in the leaves of this plant and its translocation in the phloem of coffee plant. Castor bean plants with three weeks of age, growing in nutrient solution and coffee seedlings growing in pots, in a greenhouse, and five-year-old coffee plants, growing in the field, were used. The castor bean plants received an aqueous solution of thiamethoxam, through injection in the petioles, or spraying of an aqueous suspension of a formulation of the insecticide, with and without adjuvants, on the developed leaves. The coffee seedlings were treated through foliar spray and adult plants were treated through drench application in the trunk basis. The quantitative determinations of thiamethoxam were performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Thiamethoxam was shown to be transported both in the xylem and in the phloem of castor bean plant and to be redistributed inside the plant, either when injected in the petioles or when sprayed on the leaves. The tested adjuvants did not influence expressively the penetration of thiamethoxam in the castor bean leaves. A low rate of penetration of thiamethoxam was observed when sprayed on coffee leaves, being the compound quite exposed to photo degradation and consequently little available for transport in the phloem. In the field, it was observed that the transport of thiamethoxam to coffee fruits takes place not only through the xylem, but also in the phloem, from developed leaves. Thiamethoxam contents found in coffee grains were in conformity with those tolerated for these grains and the residue levels found in the hulls do not indicate problems with regard to the use of these hulls in animal feeding. The transport of thiamethoxam to the fruits provided a partial control of the coffee berry borer, when fruits collected in the field were exposed to adult females of this pest.
It was aimed in this work to investigate the translocation of thiamethoxam in the phloem of castor bean plant, used as model plant, the influence of adjuvants on the penetration of this insecticide in the leaves of this plant and its translocation in the phloem of coffee plant. Castor bean plants with three weeks of age, growing in nutrient solution and coffee seedlings growing in pots, in a greenhouse, and five-year-old coffee plants, growing in the field, were used. The castor bean plants received an aqueous solution of thiamethoxam, through injection in the petioles, or spraying of an aqueous suspension of a formulation of the insecticide, with and without adjuvants, on the developed leaves. The coffee seedlings were treated through foliar spray and adult plants were treated through drench application in the trunk basis. The quantitative determinations of thiamethoxam were performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Thiamethoxam was shown to be transported both in the xylem and in the phloem of castor bean plant and to be redistributed inside the plant, either when injected in the petioles or when sprayed on the leaves. The tested adjuvants did not influence expressively the penetration of thiamethoxam in the castor bean leaves. A low rate of penetration of thiamethoxam was observed when sprayed on coffee leaves, being the compound quite exposed to photo degradation and consequently little available for transport in the phloem. In the field, it was observed that the transport of thiamethoxam to coffee fruits takes place not only through the xylem, but also in the phloem, from developed leaves. Thiamethoxam contents found in coffee grains were in conformity with those tolerated for these grains and the residue levels found in the hulls do not indicate problems with regard to the use of these hulls in animal feeding. The transport of thiamethoxam to the fruits provided a partial control of the coffee berry borer, when fruits collected in the field were exposed to adult females of this pest.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Controle de pragas, Inseticida sistêmico, Transporte no floema, Pragas do cafeeiro, Penetração foliar
Citação
TORRES, F. Z. V. Translocação do inseticida tiametoxam no floema de mamoneira e cafeeiro. 2009. 105 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia-Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2009.