Caracterização dos efeitos de formulado à base de nim no desempenho de Hypothenemus hampei e aplicação em estratégias de manejo em café arábica
Data
2022-02-11
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Uma das principais ameaças à produção de café no Brasil e no mundo é o inseto-praga conhecido popularmente como broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Vários cafeicultores utilizam aplicações de inseticidas químicos praticamente como único método de controle de H. hampei, mas uma estratégia que vem sendo usada nos últimos anos é a aplicação de bioinseticidas. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que bioinseticidas à base de nim podem causar redução dos frutos danificados, mortalidade e efeito repelente à broca-do-café, com potencial para ser integrado em estratégias de manejo em café arábica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de controle da broca-do-café em plantas de café arábica com o uso de produto à base de extrato de nim (Openeem Plus) em estratégias de manejo integrado com inseticidas químicos e microbiológico, e caracterizar os efeitos do produto botânico quanto à deterrência e desenvolvimento da praga. Avaliou-se a eficiência do produto à base de extrato de nim aplicado isoladamente, em rotação ou em associação com inseticidas em campo; a preferência e colonização da broca-do-café em frutos verdes e cerejas tratados e não tratados com extrato de nim em laboratório, e o desenvolvimento da praga em laboratório em dieta artificial e em gaiolas presas nos frutos em campo comparando os efeitos do extrato de nim com a testemunha. Nos experimentos de campo, algumas combinações de tratamentos mantiveram a porcentagem de frutos brocados abaixo do nível de dano econômico (10% de frutos brocados), além de alta eficiência de redução das infestações de larvas nos frutos. Nos ensaios de campo com gaiolas presas nos frutos, o número de ovos foi maior na testemunha em comparação com o extrato de nim. Nas avaliações da preferência e colonização da broca-do-café por frutos verdes ou cerejas comparados com frutos não tratados, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos. Nos ensaios com aplicação de extrato de nim em dieta artificial, a porcentagem de placas com presença de ovos e o número de ovos foi reduzido pelo extrato de nim. Pelos resultados obtidos em laboratório e gaiolas em campo, houve interferência direta do extrato de nim na fisiologia e desenvolvimento da broca-do-café, reduzindo a oviposição das fêmeas expostas, e/ou efeito de deterrência em médio prazo durante a alimentação e oviposição nas sementes devido à impalatabilidade causada pelo extrato de nim. Também foi demostrado que as aplicações dos tratamentos no momento adequado podem aumentar a eficiência de controle das populações da praga, evidenciado pelo efeito significativo do tempo das avaliações após as aplicações nas infestações em campo. Conclui-se que o extrato de nim pode ser usado em estratégias de manejo integrado da broca-do-café com aplicações em rotação ou mistura com inseticidas químicos e microbiológico em café arábica, afetando principalmente a infestação da praga pela redução da oviposição.
One of the main threats to the production of coffee in Brasil and in the world is the insect plague mostly known as coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Most coffee producers use applications of chemical insecticides as basically the only method of control. Nevertheless, a strategy that has been increasing in use in the last few years is the application of bioinsecticides; Studies have shown that bioinsecticides based on neem extracts can cause reduction in damaged fruits, higher mortality and a repellent effect on the coffee berry borer, with potential for being introduced in the management strategies for arabica coffee. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of control of the coffee berry borer in plants of arabica coffee with the use of a product based on neem extract (Openeem Plus) in strategies of integrated management with chemical and microbiological insecticides, and characterize the effects of the botanical product in terms of deterrence and development of the plague. The efficiency of the product was evaluated in applications that were isolated, in rotation or in association with other insecticides in the field, the preference and colonization of the coffee berry borer in green and red fruits was done comparing treated and non-treated grains in the laboratory and the development of the plague was studied in the laboratory using artificial diet and in traps in the fields comparing the effects of the neem treated fruits with the witness. In the field experiments, some combinations of treatments maintained the percentage of damaged fruits below the level of economic damage (10% of damaged fruits), besides the high efficiency in the reduction of larvae infestation in the fruits. In the field trials with traps, the number of eggs was higher in the witness in comparison with the neem extract. In the evaluations of preference and colonization of the coffee berry borer in green and cherry grains, there was no difference between the treatments. In the trials with application of the neem extract in artificial diet, a percentage of dishes with presence of eggs and the number of eggs was reduced by the neem extract. Considering the results obtained in the laboratory and traps in the field, there was a direct interference of the neem extract in the physiology and development of the coffee berry borer, reducing the oviposition in the exposed females, and/or a medium term deterrence effect during the feeding and oviposition in the seeds due to unpalatability caused by the neem extract. It was also demonstrated that the applications of the treatments in the precise time can increase the efficiency in control of the populations of the plague, evidenced by the significant effect of the time evaluations in the field infestations. It is concluded with these studies that the neem extract can be used in integrated pest management strategies for the coffee berry borer, with applications in rotations or mixtures with chemical and microbiological products in arabica coffee, affecting mainly the infestation of the plague by the reduction of the oviposition.
One of the main threats to the production of coffee in Brasil and in the world is the insect plague mostly known as coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Most coffee producers use applications of chemical insecticides as basically the only method of control. Nevertheless, a strategy that has been increasing in use in the last few years is the application of bioinsecticides; Studies have shown that bioinsecticides based on neem extracts can cause reduction in damaged fruits, higher mortality and a repellent effect on the coffee berry borer, with potential for being introduced in the management strategies for arabica coffee. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of control of the coffee berry borer in plants of arabica coffee with the use of a product based on neem extract (Openeem Plus) in strategies of integrated management with chemical and microbiological insecticides, and characterize the effects of the botanical product in terms of deterrence and development of the plague. The efficiency of the product was evaluated in applications that were isolated, in rotation or in association with other insecticides in the field, the preference and colonization of the coffee berry borer in green and red fruits was done comparing treated and non-treated grains in the laboratory and the development of the plague was studied in the laboratory using artificial diet and in traps in the fields comparing the effects of the neem treated fruits with the witness. In the field experiments, some combinations of treatments maintained the percentage of damaged fruits below the level of economic damage (10% of damaged fruits), besides the high efficiency in the reduction of larvae infestation in the fruits. In the field trials with traps, the number of eggs was higher in the witness in comparison with the neem extract. In the evaluations of preference and colonization of the coffee berry borer in green and cherry grains, there was no difference between the treatments. In the trials with application of the neem extract in artificial diet, a percentage of dishes with presence of eggs and the number of eggs was reduced by the neem extract. Considering the results obtained in the laboratory and traps in the field, there was a direct interference of the neem extract in the physiology and development of the coffee berry borer, reducing the oviposition in the exposed females, and/or a medium term deterrence effect during the feeding and oviposition in the seeds due to unpalatability caused by the neem extract. It was also demonstrated that the applications of the treatments in the precise time can increase the efficiency in control of the populations of the plague, evidenced by the significant effect of the time evaluations in the field infestations. It is concluded with these studies that the neem extract can be used in integrated pest management strategies for the coffee berry borer, with applications in rotations or mixtures with chemical and microbiological products in arabica coffee, affecting mainly the infestation of the plague by the reduction of the oviposition.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Broca-do-café, Manejo integrado de pragas, Openeem Plus, Coffee borer, Integrated pest management, Openeem Plus
Citação
ESCOBAR PADILLA, José Justo. Caracterização dos efeitos de formulado à base de nim no desempenho de Hypothenemus hampei e aplicação em estratégias de manejo em café arábica. 2022. 68 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) – Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2022.