Sistema radicular e suas interações com o desenvolvimento e nutrição do cafeeiro
Data
2021-02-10
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A cafeicultura é uma atividade de grande importância no cenário agrícola nacional e entender o comportamento do sistema radicular do cafeeiro é fundamental. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento radicular de mudas de cafeeiro, assim como verificar o comportamento do desenvolvimento radicular de cafeeiros adultos durante as principais fases de desenvolvimento dos frutos e ainda a concentração de nutrientes nas raízes e folhas durante o período produtivo. No experimento 1, realizado em casa de vegetação, foi avaliado o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular de mudas da variedade Catuaí vermelho IAC 99 até os 210 dias após a semeadura. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. A massa da matéria fresca e seca do sistema radicular foi acompanhada, além do comprimento, área superficial, volume, diâmetro médio das raízes. As mudas apresentaram aos 210 dias após a semeadura, 1465,33 cm de raízes, diâmetro médio de 0,5514 mm, 261,46 cm2 de área superficial. No experimento 2, realizado em plantas adultas em condição de campo, foi avaliado o comportamento radicular das plantas durante o desenvolvimento dos frutos, nas fases de chumbinho, expansão rápida, granação e maturação durante duas safras consecutivas. No experimento 3, foram utilizadas plantas adultas em condições de campo, e avaliadas as concentrações de nutrientes durante as fases de desenvolvimento dos frutos nas folhas e raízes. Além das alterações nas características radiculares das plantas de café, é possível observar mudanças no comportamento nutricional das plantas, tanto em termos de nutrientes nas folhas, como nos nutrientes nas raízes. As concentrações de nitrogênio, fósforo e manganês são superiores nas raízes finas superficiais, comparativamente às das de maior diâmetro. A carga produtiva das plantas influência diretamente na concentração dos nutrientes no sistema radicular.
Coffee growing is an activity of great importance in the national agricultural scenario and understanding the behavior of the coffee root system is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the root development of coffee seedlings, as well as to verify the behavior of the root development of adult coffee trees during the main stages of fruit development and also the concentration of nutrients in the roots and leaves during the productive period. In experiment 1, carried out in a greenhouse, the development of the root system of seedlings of the variety Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 was evaluated until 210 days after sowing. A completely randomized design was used, with five replications. The mass of the fresh and dry matter of the root system was followed, in addition to the length, surface area, volume, average diameter of the roots. The seedlings presented, at 210 days after sowing, 1465.33 cm of roots, average diameter of 0.5514 mm, 261.46 cm2 of surface area. In experiment 2, carried out on adult plants in field condition, the root behavior of the plants was evaluated during fruit development, in the phases of pinhead, rapid expansion, grain filling and maturation during two consecutive harvests. The second experiment showed that when the coffee-plants reach the production stage, roots may suffer considerable reductions in their development due to productive load of the plants. In experiment 3, adult plants were used in field conditions, and nutrient concentrations of leaves and roots were evaluated during the stages of fruit development. In addition to changes in the root characteristics of coffee plants, it is possible to observe changes in the nutritional behavior of plants, both in terms of nutrients in the leaves and in the nutrients in the roots. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and manganese are higher in the superficial thin roots, compared to those of larger diameter. The productive load of the plants directly influences the concentration of nutrients in the root system.
Coffee growing is an activity of great importance in the national agricultural scenario and understanding the behavior of the coffee root system is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the root development of coffee seedlings, as well as to verify the behavior of the root development of adult coffee trees during the main stages of fruit development and also the concentration of nutrients in the roots and leaves during the productive period. In experiment 1, carried out in a greenhouse, the development of the root system of seedlings of the variety Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 was evaluated until 210 days after sowing. A completely randomized design was used, with five replications. The mass of the fresh and dry matter of the root system was followed, in addition to the length, surface area, volume, average diameter of the roots. The seedlings presented, at 210 days after sowing, 1465.33 cm of roots, average diameter of 0.5514 mm, 261.46 cm2 of surface area. In experiment 2, carried out on adult plants in field condition, the root behavior of the plants was evaluated during fruit development, in the phases of pinhead, rapid expansion, grain filling and maturation during two consecutive harvests. The second experiment showed that when the coffee-plants reach the production stage, roots may suffer considerable reductions in their development due to productive load of the plants. In experiment 3, adult plants were used in field conditions, and nutrient concentrations of leaves and roots were evaluated during the stages of fruit development. In addition to changes in the root characteristics of coffee plants, it is possible to observe changes in the nutritional behavior of plants, both in terms of nutrients in the leaves and in the nutrients in the roots. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and manganese are higher in the superficial thin roots, compared to those of larger diameter. The productive load of the plants directly influences the concentration of nutrients in the root system.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Nutrição, Nutrientes, Sistema radicular, Carga produtiva
Citação
MAGALHÃES, W. B. Sistema radicular e suas interações com o desenvolvimento e nutrição do cafeeiro. 2021. 173 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2021.