Aproveitamento agrícola de material orgânico utilizado como filtro no tratamento de águas residuárias da suinocultura
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2000-05
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Este trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas distintas. A primeira correspondeu à degradação individual dos materiais orgânicos (casca de café, fino de carvão, casca de arroz, serragem de madeira, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e sabugo de milho triturado), utilizados nos filtros de tratamento de águas residuárias da suinocultura com vistas à utilização agrícola do material obtido. Esses materiais foram dispostos em medas de 60 x 35 x 20 cm e submetidos a revolvimento e umedecimento sempre que necessário. Amostras das medas foram coletadas, quinzenalmente, para determinação das concentrações de nitrogênio e carbono. Após seis meses de degradação, retiraram-se amostras para avaliação da concentração de nutrientes dos compostos orgânicos obtidos. Avaliou-se também a dinâmica do carbono, do nitrogênio e da relação C/N durante o processo de degradação. Dentre os materiais orgânicos estudados, os compostos produzidos com casca de arroz e fino de carvão não apresentaram degradação satisfatória no período de estudo, porém ficaram enriquecidos em termos químicos. O composto produzido com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar pode ser considerado o material orgânico de mais rápida degradabilidade e o fino de carvão vegetal, o de menor degradabilidade, nas condições estudadas. Na segunda etapa, buscou-se quantificar o conteúdo de nutrientes extraídos na produção da alface, cultivar Brasil 303, em doses crescentes dos seis compostos orgânicos produzidos e o efeito residual da aplicação desses compostos no solo. O cultivo da alface foi feito em vasos, arranjados no delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O experimento foi estabelecido em esquema fatorial formado pela combinação de seis tipos de composto orgânico e três doses de adubação, com quatro repetições, além das testemunhas absoluta e química, como tratamentos adicionais. As doses de adubos orgânicos incorporados foram calculadas em termos de N total, equivalentes a uma, duas e quatro vezes à da adubação nitrogenada mineral recomendada para a cultura da alface. Os conteúdos de nutrientes na planta mostraram-se sempre menores que os encontrados na literatura. Entre os tratamentos estudados, de forma geral, os que receberam composto orgânico produzido com fino de carvão e casca de arroz foram os que apresentaram maior produção de matéria seca e maiores conteúdos de nutrientes, tanto na planta quanto no substrato, enquanto entre os substratos de mais baixas relações C/N, tal como a casca de café e o sabugo de milho triturado, foram obtidas as menores produções de matéria seca e conteúdos de nutrientes.
This work was taken out in two different stages. The first stage corresponded to the individual decomposition of the organic materials (husk of coffee, fine of vegetal cool, husk of rice, sawdust, sugar-cane trash and triturated corn spike) used in the filters for treatment of residual water from pig production aiming the agricultural use of the obtained material. Those materials were disposed in piles of 60 x 35 x 20 cm, revolved and moistened whenever necessary. Samples of the piles were collected for the determination of nitrogen and carbon concentrations once every two weeks. After six months of decomposition, samples were collected for evaluation of nutrient concentration of the organic composts. It was also evaluated the dynamics of carbon, nitrogen and of the C/N ratio during the decomposition process. Among the studied materials, the composts produced with husk of rice and fine of vegetal cool did not present adequate decomposition over the period of study, however they were chemically enriched. In the conditions of this study, the compost produced with sugar-cane trash can be considered the organic material of faster decomposition and fine of vegetal cool, the one of slower decomposition. In the second stage, it was searched to quantify the contents of nutrients extracted in the production of lettuce, cultivar Brazil 303, with increasing doses of the six produced organic composts and the residual effect of the application of those composts in the soil. Lettuce plants were cultivated in pots, distributed in entirely randomized blocks. The experiment design was a factorial arrangement formed by the combination of six types of organic compost and three doses of fertilization, with four replications, besides the absolute and chemical controls as additional treatments. The incorporated doses of organic fertilizers were calculated in terms of total N, equivalent to one, two and four times the recommended inorganic nitrogen dose for lettuce cultivation. Plant nutrient contents were always smaller than the ones found in the literature. In general, the treatments that received organic compost produced with fine of vegetal cool and husk of rice presented larger production of dry matter and higher nutrient contents in the plant and in the substrate, while the substrates of lower C/N ratio, such as husk of coffee and triturated corn spike, gave the smallest dry matter production and nutrient contents.
This work was taken out in two different stages. The first stage corresponded to the individual decomposition of the organic materials (husk of coffee, fine of vegetal cool, husk of rice, sawdust, sugar-cane trash and triturated corn spike) used in the filters for treatment of residual water from pig production aiming the agricultural use of the obtained material. Those materials were disposed in piles of 60 x 35 x 20 cm, revolved and moistened whenever necessary. Samples of the piles were collected for the determination of nitrogen and carbon concentrations once every two weeks. After six months of decomposition, samples were collected for evaluation of nutrient concentration of the organic composts. It was also evaluated the dynamics of carbon, nitrogen and of the C/N ratio during the decomposition process. Among the studied materials, the composts produced with husk of rice and fine of vegetal cool did not present adequate decomposition over the period of study, however they were chemically enriched. In the conditions of this study, the compost produced with sugar-cane trash can be considered the organic material of faster decomposition and fine of vegetal cool, the one of slower decomposition. In the second stage, it was searched to quantify the contents of nutrients extracted in the production of lettuce, cultivar Brazil 303, with increasing doses of the six produced organic composts and the residual effect of the application of those composts in the soil. Lettuce plants were cultivated in pots, distributed in entirely randomized blocks. The experiment design was a factorial arrangement formed by the combination of six types of organic compost and three doses of fertilization, with four replications, besides the absolute and chemical controls as additional treatments. The incorporated doses of organic fertilizers were calculated in terms of total N, equivalent to one, two and four times the recommended inorganic nitrogen dose for lettuce cultivation. Plant nutrient contents were always smaller than the ones found in the literature. In general, the treatments that received organic compost produced with fine of vegetal cool and husk of rice presented larger production of dry matter and higher nutrient contents in the plant and in the substrate, while the substrates of lower C/N ratio, such as husk of coffee and triturated corn spike, gave the smallest dry matter production and nutrient contents.
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Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
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Citação
FEBRER, M. C. A. Aproveitamento agrícola de material orgânico utilizado como filtro no tratamento de águas residuárias da suinocultura . 2000. 120 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2000.