Arborização de cafeeiros em plantio adensado com bracatingas
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2005
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Resumo
A arborização de cafezais é uma prática pouco utilizada nos modernos sistemas de produção de café no Brasil. Entretanto, como a ocorrência de geadas é um problema grave para a cafeicultura, principalmente no sul do Brasil, o efeito de proteção contra geadas de radiação proporcionado pelas copas das árvores, devido à alteração do balanço de energia, é de grande importância para a redução dos riscos climáticos inerentes à produção agrícola. Neste trabalho comparou-se a temperatura das folhas e a produtividade dos cafeeiros consorciados com árvores de bracatinga em duas densidades (555 e 139 árvores.ha-1) com cafeeiros solteiros "a pleno sol". Foram utilizados dados de produção de café nas safras de 2002 e 2003, respectivamente a primeira e a segunda safra depois da recepa dos cafeeiros, cultivar IAPAR 59, realizada após as geadas severíssimas que ocorreram no ano de 2000. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre as produções de café no biênio 2002-2003 dos três tratamentos estudados, sendo observada redução na produtividade proporcional à densidade da arborização. As diferenças na temperatura mínima das folhas de café entre os tratamentos arborizados e a testemunha a pleno sol chegaram a 1,5°C e 2,3°C aos 21 meses, diferenças diretamente proporcionais à densidade de arborização. Aos 11 meses após o plantio das bracatingas observou-se diferença de até 0,6°C entre a testemunha a pleno sol e o tratamento com 555 bracatingas.ha-1. Estes valores indicam o potencial da arborização com bracatinga para proteção dos cafeeiros contra geadas de radiação.
Shading coffee is not a common practice in modern coffee production systems in Brazil. Frosts are a serious problem for coffee growing, mainly in southern Brazil, and the protection against radiative frosts offered by the tree crowns could be na important climatic risk reduction factor for the agricultural business. In this paper it has been compared leaf temperature and coffee productivity between coffee plants in agroforestry arrangements with bracatinga trees under two densities (555 and 139 trees.ha-1) and coffee plants grown in the open (full sunlight). Coffee beans productivity data analyzed come from two harvests in the years of 2002 and 2003, the first and second harvests after the coffee plants have been coppiced due to severe frosts occurred in the year 2000. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with three replications. The results showed significant differences in coffee beans productivity among the treatments for the biennium 2002-2003. A reduction in coffee productivity proportional to shade trees density was observed. Differences in the average coffee leaf minimum temperature among shaded treatments and the control (full sun) reached 1.5°C and 2.3°C within 21 months after trees planting, proportional to shade trees density. Differences of 0.6°C were observed between the control treatment and the 555 trees.ha-1 treatment with 11 months of age. These results revealed the radiative frost protection potential of the coffee x bracatinga agroforestry system.
Shading coffee is not a common practice in modern coffee production systems in Brazil. Frosts are a serious problem for coffee growing, mainly in southern Brazil, and the protection against radiative frosts offered by the tree crowns could be na important climatic risk reduction factor for the agricultural business. In this paper it has been compared leaf temperature and coffee productivity between coffee plants in agroforestry arrangements with bracatinga trees under two densities (555 and 139 trees.ha-1) and coffee plants grown in the open (full sunlight). Coffee beans productivity data analyzed come from two harvests in the years of 2002 and 2003, the first and second harvests after the coffee plants have been coppiced due to severe frosts occurred in the year 2000. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with three replications. The results showed significant differences in coffee beans productivity among the treatments for the biennium 2002-2003. A reduction in coffee productivity proportional to shade trees density was observed. Differences in the average coffee leaf minimum temperature among shaded treatments and the control (full sun) reached 1.5°C and 2.3°C within 21 months after trees planting, proportional to shade trees density. Differences of 0.6°C were observed between the control treatment and the 555 trees.ha-1 treatment with 11 months of age. These results revealed the radiative frost protection potential of the coffee x bracatinga agroforestry system.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : 2005 : Londrina, PR). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2005.
Palavras-chave
Sistemas agroflorestais Sombreamento Coffea arabica Mimosa scabrella, Agroforestry systems Shade trees Coffea arabica Mimosa scabrella
Citação
Leal, Alex C.; Caramori, Paulo H.; Soares, Ronaldo V.; Batista, Antônio C. Arborização de cafeeiros em plantio adensado com bracatingas. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : Londrina, PR : 2005). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa - Café, 2005. (1 CD-ROM), 5p.