Produtividade do cafeeiro em resposta ao manejo da calagem e gessagem em Latossolo de Cerrado
Data
2007-04-03
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A cafeicultura de Minas Gerais está implantada, em sua maior parte, em solos de Cerrado, predominantemente em Latossolos, com aplicação de calcário em área total ou em faixas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram comparar a produtividade do cafeeiro em resposta os diferentes manejos, determinar doses de calcário de máxima eficiência econômica (MEE) e as taxas de recuperação de Ca 2+ e de Mg 2+ nas análises de solo, para diferentes profundidades. Os fatores em estudo foram: uso de calcário ou calcário e gesso, divididos em duas estratégias de aplicação em área total ou faixa, que pela reposição de calcário ou calcário e gesso resultaram em oito manejos: quatro em área total (calagem sem reposição (CATSR); calagem e gessagem sem reposição (CGATSR); calagem e gessagem com reposição de doses proporcionais às de plantio (CGATRPP) e calagem e gessagem com reposição correspondente à necessidade de calagem (CGATRNC)) e quatro em faixa (calagem com reposição de doses proporcionais às de plantio (CFRPP); calagem e gessagem com reposição de doses proporcionais às de plantio (CGFRPP); calagem com reposição correspondente à necessidade de calagem (CFRNC) e calagem e gessagem com reposição correspondente à necessidade de calagem (CGFRNC)) e seis doses de calcário (em área total foram de 0,0 a 2,4 NC e, em faixa de 0,0 a 1,5 NC). Na definição dos tratamentos, utilizou-se a matriz experimental mista, Baconiana com Fatorial [(21 + 2) + 21)], em que (21 + 2) correspondem a tratamentos que receberam aplicação em área total e os outros 21 em faixa. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Cada parcela útil constou de duas fileiras, com quatro plantas por fileira. O manejo CFRNC foi a melhor opção visando obter maior rendimento pela calagem com menor investimento. Apesar dos resultados indicarem, de forma geral, maior elevação do pH, maior redução dos teores de Al 3+ e maior elevação dos teores de Ca 2+ e de Mg 2+ no solo nos diferentes manejos em relação à testemunha, em média, não houve diferença significativa na produtividade de café entre os manejos. As taxas de recuperação de Ca 2+ em relação às de Mg 2+ inicialmente foram semelhantes, tanto em área total como em faixa, posteriormente as de Ca 2+ foram maiores. As taxas de recuperação de Ca 2+ e de Mg 2+ decresceram em profundidade. Nas doses de MEE os valores de pH foram muito baixos a baixos; os teores de Al 3+ variaram de médio a alto e os teores de Ca 2+ e de Mg 2+ ficaram muito baixos a baixos. Nas folhas os teores de Ca e de Mg ficaram, consistentemente, abaixo da faixa de suficiência.
The coffee culture in Minas Gerais is established, most of it, in Brazilian savannah soils, mainly latossols, applying limestone in overall area or in strip. The aims of this work were to compare the productivity of the coffee tree in response to different conducts, to determine doses of limestone with maximum economic efficiency (MEE) and the rates of recovering of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the soil analyses, for different depths. The factors under study were: use limestone or limestone or gesso, divided in two application strategies in overall area or strip, that through replacement of limestone or limestone or gesso resulted in eight conducts: four in overall area (liming without replacement (CATSR); liming and gessagem without replacement (CGATSR); liming and gessagem with replacement of doses proportional to those planting (CGATRPP) and liming and gessagem with replacement corresponding to the need of liming (CGATRNC) and four in strip (liming with replacement of doses proportional to those of planting (CFRPP) liming and gessagem com replacement of doses proportional to planting (CGFRPP); liming with replacement corresponding to the necessity of liming (CFRNC) and liming e gessagem with replacement corresponding to the necessity of liming (CGFRNC) and six doses of limestone ( in overall area they were from 0,0 to 2,4 NC and , in strip from 0,0 to 1,5 NC). Mixed experimental matrix was used to define the treatments, Baconiana with Factorial [(21 + 2)] + 21], in which (21 + 2) correspond to treatments that received application in overall area and the other 21 in strip. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with three repetitions. Each useful plot consisted in two rows, with four plants per row. The CFRNC conduct was the best option aiming to obtain the best yield through liming with the lowest investment. Despite the results showed, in general, higher raising of pH, higher reduction on Al 3+ levels and highest raising on Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ levels in the soil under different conducts regarding to the witness, on average, there was no significant difference in the coffee productivity among the conducts. The recovering rates of Ca 2+ regarded to those of Mg 2+ were similar at the beginning, as much in overall area as in strip, later those from Ca 2+ were higher. The recovering rates of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ decreased with depth. In the MEE doses the pH values were low to low; the levels of Al 3+ ranged from medium to high and the levels of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were very low to low. In the leaves, the levels of Ca and Mg remained consistently, under the strip of adequacy.
The coffee culture in Minas Gerais is established, most of it, in Brazilian savannah soils, mainly latossols, applying limestone in overall area or in strip. The aims of this work were to compare the productivity of the coffee tree in response to different conducts, to determine doses of limestone with maximum economic efficiency (MEE) and the rates of recovering of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the soil analyses, for different depths. The factors under study were: use limestone or limestone or gesso, divided in two application strategies in overall area or strip, that through replacement of limestone or limestone or gesso resulted in eight conducts: four in overall area (liming without replacement (CATSR); liming and gessagem without replacement (CGATSR); liming and gessagem with replacement of doses proportional to those planting (CGATRPP) and liming and gessagem with replacement corresponding to the need of liming (CGATRNC) and four in strip (liming with replacement of doses proportional to those of planting (CFRPP) liming and gessagem com replacement of doses proportional to planting (CGFRPP); liming with replacement corresponding to the necessity of liming (CFRNC) and liming e gessagem with replacement corresponding to the necessity of liming (CGFRNC) and six doses of limestone ( in overall area they were from 0,0 to 2,4 NC and , in strip from 0,0 to 1,5 NC). Mixed experimental matrix was used to define the treatments, Baconiana with Factorial [(21 + 2)] + 21], in which (21 + 2) correspond to treatments that received application in overall area and the other 21 in strip. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with three repetitions. Each useful plot consisted in two rows, with four plants per row. The CFRNC conduct was the best option aiming to obtain the best yield through liming with the lowest investment. Despite the results showed, in general, higher raising of pH, higher reduction on Al 3+ levels and highest raising on Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ levels in the soil under different conducts regarding to the witness, on average, there was no significant difference in the coffee productivity among the conducts. The recovering rates of Ca 2+ regarded to those of Mg 2+ were similar at the beginning, as much in overall area as in strip, later those from Ca 2+ were higher. The recovering rates of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ decreased with depth. In the MEE doses the pH values were low to low; the levels of Al 3+ ranged from medium to high and the levels of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were very low to low. In the leaves, the levels of Ca and Mg remained consistently, under the strip of adequacy.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
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Citação
CAMILO, N. F. P. Produtividade do cafeeiro em resposta ao manejo da calagem e gessagem em Latossolo de Cerrado. 2007. 83 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2007.