Intensidade de doenças foliares na cafeicultura fertirrigada
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Data
2004
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A cafeicultura atual tem adotado novas tecnologias de condução e manejo da lavoura, como a irrigação e fertirrigação, visando aumentar a produtividade e, conseqüentemente, a margem de lucro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação e parcelamentos da adubação, via fertirrigação, sob sistema de gotejamento na incidência e severidade da ferrugem, cercosporiose e phoma em cafeeiros. Avaliou-se, ainda, a influência dos fatores climáticos, do enfolhamento e da produtividade na curva de progresso dessas doenças. Instalou-se o ensaio na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG, com cafeeiros cultivar Acaiá Cerrado MG-1474 de cinco anos, em espaçamento de 0,6 x 3,0 m. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco parcelas representando lâminas de irrigação correspondentes aos valores de 0%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% da evaporação do tanque Classe "A" (ECA), e três subparcelas com parcelamentos de adubação nitrogenada e potássica em 3,6 e 9 vezes. Foram avaliadas a incidência e a severidade, a porcentagem de enfolhamento das plantas e a produtividade dos cafeeiros. Nos frutos, avaliaram-se a incidência e a severidade da cercosporiose. Fez-se a análise estatística e, posteriormente, converteram-se os dados em área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença, do enfolhamento e da produção. Correlacionaram-se os índices de doença com os dados climáticos de temperatura máxima, mínima e média, precipitação, umidade relativa do ar e insolação, obtidos diariamente na Estação Climatológica da UFLA e com o enfolhamento. Verificou-se que a incidência e a severidade da ferrugem e cercosporiose foram influenciadas pela interação entre lâminas de irrigação e parcelamentos de adubação. Houve maior incidência de ferrugem no parcelamento em 6 vezes na lâmina 0% ECA e maior severidade no parcelamento em 3 e 9 vezes nas lâminas 0% e 60% ECA, respectivamente. A cercosporiose em folhas e em frutos apresentou incidência e severidade elevadas, em função da redução e em frutos apresentou incidência e severidade elevadas, em função da redução das lâminas de irrigação. A máxima intensidade foi registrada no parcelamento de adubação em 3 vezes na lâmina 0% ECA. A maior intensidade de phoma ocorreu na lâmina 100% ECA. O enfolhamento e a produtividade influenciaram o comportamento das doenças. Observou-se correlação significativa e negativa da ferrugem com as temperaturas máxima, mínima e média, e precipitação, não ocorrendo o mesmo para a cercosporiose. A incidência de phoma correlacionou-se positivamente (P<0,05) com temperatura e precipitação. Já para severidade, observou-se correlação significativa apenas para temperaturas.
The coffee planting today has been adopting new technologies to manage and manipulate the farming, such as irrigation and fertirrigation, in order to increase productivity and consequently the profits. This work aimed at evaluating the effects of different irrigation depths and fertilizer splitting by fertirrigation under a drip irrigation system on the incidence and severity of the rust, the brown eye spot and the phoma in coffee trees. It was also evaluated the influence of the climatic variables, the leaf number increasing and the productivity of curve of progress of these diseases. The research was set at the experimental area of the Agricultural Engineering Department of The Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), with five-year-old coffee trees cultivar Acaiá Cerrado MG-1474, with distance between lines of 0,6 x 3,0 m. The experimental design was developed in randomized blocks with four repetitions. The treatments were formed by five levels of plots representing irrigation depths corresponding to the values of 0%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of evaporation of the Class "A" Tank (ECA), and three subplots of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer splitting in 3, 6 and 9. This work evaluated the incidence and severity rate of diseases in leaves, percentage of leaf number increasing and coffee plants productivity. In the fruits, the incidence and severity rate of the brown eye spot were evaluated. The statistic analyses were done and then the data was converted in an area under the disease progress curve, the leaf number increasing and the production. The disease rate was correlated with the climate data according to maximum, minimal and medium temperaturas, rain level, relative humidity of the air and sunstroke obtained daily by the UFLA weather station, and with the leaf number increasing also. It was verified that the incidence and severity of the rust and and brown eye spot were influence by the interation between irrigation depths and fertilizer splitting. There was more incidence of the rust in the 6 splitting on depth 0% ECA, and bigger severity with the fertilizer splitting in 3 and 9 using irrigation depths. The highest intensity was registered in the fertilizer splitting in three times on depth 0% ECA. The highest intensity of the phoma occurred on depth 100% ECA. The leaf number increasing and productivity influence in the behavior of the disease. It was observed a significant and negative correlation of the rust in maximum, minimal and medium temperatures and rain level. The same didn’t happen with the brown eye spot. The incidence of the phoma correlated in a positive way (P<0,05) with temperatures and precipitation. For the severity a significant correlation was observed only for temperatures.
The coffee planting today has been adopting new technologies to manage and manipulate the farming, such as irrigation and fertirrigation, in order to increase productivity and consequently the profits. This work aimed at evaluating the effects of different irrigation depths and fertilizer splitting by fertirrigation under a drip irrigation system on the incidence and severity of the rust, the brown eye spot and the phoma in coffee trees. It was also evaluated the influence of the climatic variables, the leaf number increasing and the productivity of curve of progress of these diseases. The research was set at the experimental area of the Agricultural Engineering Department of The Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), with five-year-old coffee trees cultivar Acaiá Cerrado MG-1474, with distance between lines of 0,6 x 3,0 m. The experimental design was developed in randomized blocks with four repetitions. The treatments were formed by five levels of plots representing irrigation depths corresponding to the values of 0%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of evaporation of the Class "A" Tank (ECA), and three subplots of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer splitting in 3, 6 and 9. This work evaluated the incidence and severity rate of diseases in leaves, percentage of leaf number increasing and coffee plants productivity. In the fruits, the incidence and severity rate of the brown eye spot were evaluated. The statistic analyses were done and then the data was converted in an area under the disease progress curve, the leaf number increasing and the production. The disease rate was correlated with the climate data according to maximum, minimal and medium temperaturas, rain level, relative humidity of the air and sunstroke obtained daily by the UFLA weather station, and with the leaf number increasing also. It was verified that the incidence and severity of the rust and and brown eye spot were influence by the interation between irrigation depths and fertilizer splitting. There was more incidence of the rust in the 6 splitting on depth 0% ECA, and bigger severity with the fertilizer splitting in 3 and 9 using irrigation depths. The highest intensity was registered in the fertilizer splitting in three times on depth 0% ECA. The highest intensity of the phoma occurred on depth 100% ECA. The leaf number increasing and productivity influence in the behavior of the disease. It was observed a significant and negative correlation of the rust in maximum, minimal and medium temperatures and rain level. The same didn’t happen with the brown eye spot. The incidence of the phoma correlated in a positive way (P<0,05) with temperatures and precipitation. For the severity a significant correlation was observed only for temperatures.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Ferrugem do cafeeiro Cercosporiose Phoma Ascochita Epidemiologia Café Irrigação Fertirrigação Hemileia vastatrix Cercospora coffeicola Phoma costarricensis Ascochyta coffeae, Coffee leaf rust Brown eye spot Phoma Ascochyta Epidemiology Coffee Irrigation Fertirrigation Hemileia vastatrix Cercospora coffeicola Phoma costarricensis Ascochyta coffeae
Citação
Miranda, Julio César. Intensidade de doenças foliares na cafeicultura fertirrigada. Lavras : UFLA, 2004. 52p. : il. (Dissertação - Mestrado em Agronomia, área de concentração: Fitopatologia). Orientador: Paulo Estevão de Souza. T 633.7393 M672i 2004