Estudo da pervaporação de soluções diluídas de compostos voláteis do aroma do café: benzaldeído e ácido acético
Data
2015-09-11
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Paraná
Resumo
O café é uma das bebidas mais populares do mundo. Um dos atributos determinantes para a aceitação deste produto é o aroma, que é formado por uma mistura de compostos voláteis de várias classes químicas. Sua composição depende de fatores pré e pós-colheita, bem como do processamento ao qual o grão é submetido. Porém, nem todos os componentes do aroma impressionam o sentido do olfato. Alguns contribuem de maneira positiva (como o benzaldeído) e outros apresentam impacto negativo (como o ácido acético). Desta maneira, o estudo sistemático dos compostos presentes no aroma do café se faz necessário, assim como sua recuperação e reincorporação durante o processamento. A pervaporação é um processo de separação por membranas que vem sendo estudado na recuperação de aromas de frutas e sucos de frutas, e se torna atrativo também para o café devido a vantagens como utilização de temperaturas amenas, se tornando uma alternativa aos processos tradicionais de recuperação de aromas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as condições operacionais na pervaporação de dois compostos voláteis do café, o benzaldeído (BZ) e ácido acético (AA), utilizando membrana polimérica de PDMS densa. A avaliação do processo foi feita em termos de fluxo de permeado e fator de enriquecimento. Primeiramente três temperaturas (20, 30 e 40°C) foram estudadas a três pressões (270, 530 e 800 Pa) para soluções binárias de BZ-água e AA-água a 40 mg L -1 cada uma. Os resultados indicaram que o fluxo de permeado aumentou com a temperatura, segundo uma relação de Arrhenius. Para ambos os compostos, o fator de enriquecimento foi maior a baixas pressões. A temperatura de 40°C e pressão de 800 Pa foram as condições escolhidas para prosseguir com os experimentos pois nestas condições obtiveram-se maiores fluxo individual (1,21 10 -3 kg m -2 h -1 ) e fator de enriquecimento (27) para o BZ. Para avaliar o efeito da concentração, soluções binárias dos compostos a 20, 40 e 60 mg L -1 foram utilizadas como alimentação. O aumento da concentração levou a um aumento dos fluxos individuais dos compostos, mas não afetou a seletividade dos compostos. Por fim, soluções ternárias BZ-AA-água foram preparadas a diferentes concentrações (20, 40 e 60 mg L -1 de cada composto). A presença de outra molécula afetou negativamente a permeação dos compostos, pois houve uma diminuição dos fluxos individuais e dos fatores de enriquecimento do BZ e do AA na solução ternária quando comparados com os resultados obtidos nas soluções binárias.
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. One of the critical attributes for the acceptance of this product is aroma, which is formed by a mixture of volatile compounds from several chemical classes. Its composition depends on factors pre and post-harvest as well as processing to which the grain is subjected. However, not all the aroma components impress the sense of smell. Some contribute in a positive way (such as benzaldehyde) and others have a negative impact (as acetic acid). In this way, the systematic study of the compounds present in the aroma of coffee is needed, as well as their recovery and reintegration during processing. Pervaporation is a membrane separation processes has been studied in the recovery aroma compounds from fruits and fruit juices, and becomes attractive also for the coffee due to advantages such as the use of moderate temperatures, becoming an alternative to traditional recovery processes aromas. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the operating conditions in pervaporation of two volatile coffee compounds, benzaldehyde (BZ) and acetic acid (AA), using a polymeric PDMS dense membrane. Process evaluation was made in terms of permeate flux and enrichment factor. First three temperatures (20, 30 and 40° C) were studied at three pressures (270, 530 and 800 Pa) for binary solutions BZ-water and AA-water 40 mg L -1 each. The results indicated that the permeate flux increased with temperature according to an Arrhenius relationship. For both compounds, the enrichment factor was higher at lower pressures. The temperature of 40° C and 800 Pa pressure were the conditions chosen for further experiments since with these conditions gave larger individual flow (1.21 10 -3 kg m -2 h -1 ) and enrichment factor (27) for the BZ. To evaluate the effect of concentration, binary solutions of 20, 40 and 60 mg L -1 were used as feed. The increase in concentration led to an increase in individual flux of the compounds, but did not affect the selectivity of the compounds. Finally, ternary solutions BZ-AA-water were prepared at different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 mg L -1 for each compound). The presence of another molecule adversely affect the permeation of the compounds, since there was a reduction of the individual flux and BZ and AA enrichment factors in the ternary solution when compared with the results obtained for binary solutions.
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. One of the critical attributes for the acceptance of this product is aroma, which is formed by a mixture of volatile compounds from several chemical classes. Its composition depends on factors pre and post-harvest as well as processing to which the grain is subjected. However, not all the aroma components impress the sense of smell. Some contribute in a positive way (such as benzaldehyde) and others have a negative impact (as acetic acid). In this way, the systematic study of the compounds present in the aroma of coffee is needed, as well as their recovery and reintegration during processing. Pervaporation is a membrane separation processes has been studied in the recovery aroma compounds from fruits and fruit juices, and becomes attractive also for the coffee due to advantages such as the use of moderate temperatures, becoming an alternative to traditional recovery processes aromas. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the operating conditions in pervaporation of two volatile coffee compounds, benzaldehyde (BZ) and acetic acid (AA), using a polymeric PDMS dense membrane. Process evaluation was made in terms of permeate flux and enrichment factor. First three temperatures (20, 30 and 40° C) were studied at three pressures (270, 530 and 800 Pa) for binary solutions BZ-water and AA-water 40 mg L -1 each. The results indicated that the permeate flux increased with temperature according to an Arrhenius relationship. For both compounds, the enrichment factor was higher at lower pressures. The temperature of 40° C and 800 Pa pressure were the conditions chosen for further experiments since with these conditions gave larger individual flow (1.21 10 -3 kg m -2 h -1 ) and enrichment factor (27) for the BZ. To evaluate the effect of concentration, binary solutions of 20, 40 and 60 mg L -1 were used as feed. The increase in concentration led to an increase in individual flux of the compounds, but did not affect the selectivity of the compounds. Finally, ternary solutions BZ-AA-water were prepared at different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 mg L -1 for each compound). The presence of another molecule adversely affect the permeation of the compounds, since there was a reduction of the individual flux and BZ and AA enrichment factors in the ternary solution when compared with the results obtained for binary solutions.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Paraná.
Palavras-chave
Separação de membranas, Produção, Compostos orgânicos voláteis, Compostos aromáticos, Acido acético
Citação
HERNANDES, E. E. Estudo da pervaporação de soluções diluídas de compostos voláteis do aroma do café: benzaldeído e ácido acético. 2015. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba. 2011.