Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia na detecção e quantificação de ocratoxina a no café verde e torrado utilizando a técnica cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de massas aplicando os conceitos da metrologia química
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2010-09-24
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O café constitui uma matriz extremamente complexa e tem importante papel na economia mundial, especialmente nos países produtores e exportadores como o Brasil. No entanto tem sido alvo de barreiras técnicas devido a uma substância denominada ocratoxina A, micotoxina potencialmente nefrotóxica e nefrocarcinogênica encontrada em muitos alimentos inclusive o café. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo implantar os conceitos da metrologia química no desenvolvimento, e validação do método para identificação e quantificação de ocratoxina A no café verde e café torrado estimando a incerteza da medição e utilizando a técnica de Cromatografia Líquida acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas em série (CLAE-EM/EM) seguindo os critérios da diretiva EC-657/2002 e o documento orientativo do Inmetro (DOC- CGCRE-2010). A metodologia de extração baseou-se em Pittet (1998) e os parâmetros cromatográficos foram: fluxo de 0,3 mL/min, fase móvel 80:20 água ácido trifluoroacético 0,05%: metanol ácido trifluoroacético 0,05 %, volume de injeção de 50 μL, com o modo de injeção Full loop e sistema de eluição isocrático. A coluna utilizada foi Synergi Hydro C 18. As condições do espectrômetro de massas foram otimizadas e a transição selecionada de acordo com suas energias de colisão foram m/z 404 >358 (-10,5 V) e m/z 404 >239 (-20,5 V). A partir da validação os métodos propostos foram considerados seletivos, a avaliação e comprovação do efeito matriz foi realizada através da comparação das variâncias e das médias através do teste F e teste t. O F calculado para o método café verde (25,2152) e café torrado (104,0353), apresentaram valores maiores que o F tabelado (4,0426). O t calculado para o café verde (5,0214) e torrado (10,1997) apresentaram valores superiores ao t tabelado (2,0106). Os métodos foram considerados lineares em toda a faixa de trabalho da curva de calibração com os coeficientes de determinação linear (r) de 0,98188 e 0,91754 para matriz café verde e café torrado, respectivamente. O limite de quantificação e detecção para os métodos propostos foram de 1,2 μg/kg e 3,0 μg/kg para café verde e 0,36 μg/kg e 1,0 μg/kg para café torrado. Os valores das recuperações médias, DPR r e DPR R variaram na faixa de 90,45 - 108,81 %, 5,39 - 9,94 % e 2,20 - 14,34 % para café verde; e de 89,02 - 108,85 %, de 2,43 - 13,73 % e 12,57 - 17,84 %, para café torrado. Todos os resultados obtidos encontram-se dentro dos limites comumente aceitáveis na literatura. Todos os resultados de medição e as incertezas expandidas (U) para ocratoxina A foram as frações mássicas W = (11,50 ± 1,11) μg/kg e W = (4,63 ± 0,63) μg/kg para café verde e café torrado, respectivamente. Os métodos desenvolvidos e validados utilizaram técnica de elevada sensibilidade, permitindo a detecção, confirmação e a quantificação de ocratoxina A no café verde e café torrado com cálculo da incerteza, podendo auxiliar futuramente na superação das barreiras técnicas para exportação do café brasileiro.
Coffee is an extremely complex food matrix and has an important role in the world ́s economy, especially in producing and exporting countries like Brazil. However this product may suffer from technical barriers imposed for exportation because of the possible presence of ochratoxin A, which is nefrotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin found in many foods including coffee. The aim of this study was to implement chemical metrology concepts in the development and validation of Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry in tandem (CLAE-EM/EM) method for identification and quantification of ochratoxin A in green and roasted coffee estimating uncertainty of measurement according to directive 2002/657/EC and Inmetro guidelines (DOC-CGCRE-2010). The extraction method was based on Pittet (1998) and chromatographic parameters were: flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, mobile phase 80:20 water trifluoracetic acid 0.05 %: methanol trifluoracetic acid 0.05 %, injection volume of 50 μL, injection mode Full loop, isocratic mode. The column was Synergi Hydro C 18. The mass spectrometry parameters were optimized and transitions selected based on the colision energies monitored were m/z 404 >358 (-10.5 V) and m/z 404 >239 (-20.5 V). From the validation procedure, methods were considered seletive. The evaluation and verification of matrix effect was performed by comparing variances and averages using F and t test. Value of F calculated for green coffee (25.2152) and roasted coffee (104.0353), were higher than F table (4.0426). Value of t calculated for green (5.0214) and roasted coffee (10.1997) were higher than t table (2.0106). Both methods were considered linear in the working range of calibration curve with linear correlation coefficients (r) of 0.98188 and 0.91754 for green and roasted coffee, respectively.The quantification and detection limits were 1.2 μg/kg and 3.0 μg/kg; 0.36 μg/kg and 1.0 μg/kg, for green and roasted coffee respectively. The average recoveries, RSD r and RSD R were in range of 90.45 – 108.81 %, 5.39 – 9.94 % and 2.20 – 14.34 % for green coffee and 89.02 – 108.85 %, 2.43 – 13.73 % and 12.57 – 17.84 % for roasted coffee. All results obtained were considered within acceptable levels according to literature. Measurement value and expanded uncertainties (U) for ochratoxin A were mass fraction w = (11.50 ± 1.11) and w = (4.63 ± 0.63) for green coffee and roasted coffee. Both methods developed and validated using a high sensitivity technique, that allowed detection, confirmation and quantification of ochratoxin A in green and roasted coffee with a estimated uncertainty of measurement, and in the future these methods can be used to help overcome possible technical barriers imposed for exportation of Brazilian coffee. Key words: Coffee, HPLC-MS/
Coffee is an extremely complex food matrix and has an important role in the world ́s economy, especially in producing and exporting countries like Brazil. However this product may suffer from technical barriers imposed for exportation because of the possible presence of ochratoxin A, which is nefrotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin found in many foods including coffee. The aim of this study was to implement chemical metrology concepts in the development and validation of Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry in tandem (CLAE-EM/EM) method for identification and quantification of ochratoxin A in green and roasted coffee estimating uncertainty of measurement according to directive 2002/657/EC and Inmetro guidelines (DOC-CGCRE-2010). The extraction method was based on Pittet (1998) and chromatographic parameters were: flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, mobile phase 80:20 water trifluoracetic acid 0.05 %: methanol trifluoracetic acid 0.05 %, injection volume of 50 μL, injection mode Full loop, isocratic mode. The column was Synergi Hydro C 18. The mass spectrometry parameters were optimized and transitions selected based on the colision energies monitored were m/z 404 >358 (-10.5 V) and m/z 404 >239 (-20.5 V). From the validation procedure, methods were considered seletive. The evaluation and verification of matrix effect was performed by comparing variances and averages using F and t test. Value of F calculated for green coffee (25.2152) and roasted coffee (104.0353), were higher than F table (4.0426). Value of t calculated for green (5.0214) and roasted coffee (10.1997) were higher than t table (2.0106). Both methods were considered linear in the working range of calibration curve with linear correlation coefficients (r) of 0.98188 and 0.91754 for green and roasted coffee, respectively.The quantification and detection limits were 1.2 μg/kg and 3.0 μg/kg; 0.36 μg/kg and 1.0 μg/kg, for green and roasted coffee respectively. The average recoveries, RSD r and RSD R were in range of 90.45 – 108.81 %, 5.39 – 9.94 % and 2.20 – 14.34 % for green coffee and 89.02 – 108.85 %, 2.43 – 13.73 % and 12.57 – 17.84 % for roasted coffee. All results obtained were considered within acceptable levels according to literature. Measurement value and expanded uncertainties (U) for ochratoxin A were mass fraction w = (11.50 ± 1.11) and w = (4.63 ± 0.63) for green coffee and roasted coffee. Both methods developed and validated using a high sensitivity technique, that allowed detection, confirmation and quantification of ochratoxin A in green and roasted coffee with a estimated uncertainty of measurement, and in the future these methods can be used to help overcome possible technical barriers imposed for exportation of Brazilian coffee. Key words: Coffee, HPLC-MS/
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida no Instituto de Tecnologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro.
Palavras-chave
Ocratoxina, Micotoxinas
Citação
BANDEIRA, R. D. C. C. Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia na detecção e quantificação de ocratoxina a no café verde e torrado utilizando a técnica cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de massas aplicando os conceitos da metrologia química. 2010. 134 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica. 2010.