Tratamento das águas do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro em filtro anaeróbio seguido por sistema alagado construído: II - Remoção de nutrientes e compostos fenólicos
Data
2010-11
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Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola
Resumo
Seis sistemas de tratamento foram compostos por três filtros anaeróbios com escoamento descendente, seguidos por seis sistemas alagados construídos (SACs), sendo avaliados, sob o ponto de vista operacional, no tratamento da água residuária do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro (ARC). Os filtros foram confeccionados em PVC (1,5 m de altura e 0,35 m de diâmetro) e preenchidos com brita n o 2 e os SACs foram constituídos por caixas de madeira (1,5 m de comprimento, 0,4 m de altura e 0,5 m de largura), sendo impermeabilizados e preenchidos com brita “zero”. A ARC teve o pH corrigido com cal até valores próximos a 7,0, e a concentração de nutrientes alterada, com a adição de fertilizantes, de forma a se obter uma relação DBO/N/P igual a 100/5/1. Em metade dos SACs, foi plantado o azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), e na outra metade, aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb). Como resultado, observou-se que as espécies vegetais cultivadas nos SACs influenciaram nas eficiências de remoção de fósforo pelos sistemas (SAC 3 e SAC 4 ; SAC 5 e SAC 6 ). Os sistemas que receberam as menores cargas de nutrientes e compostos fenólicos, via ARC, apresentaram as maiores eficiências de remoção destas variáveis, tendo sido alcançadas remoções de 40% do N T e 50% do P T . A remoção de compostos fenólicos totais foi superior a 65% na maior parte dos sistemas. Desta forma, considera-se ser viável a aplicação de filtros anaeróbios seguidos por sistemas alagados construídos no tratamento da ARC.
Six treatment systems composed of three anaerobic filters with downflow followed by six constructed wetlands (SACs) have been operationally evaluated in the treatment of wastewater from coffee fruit processing (ARC). The filters were made of PVC (1.5 m high and 0.35 m in diameter) and filled with n. 2 crushed stone. SACs were constructed of wood boxes (1.5 m long, 0.4 m high and 0.5 m wide) being sealed with an HDPE geomembrane and filled with “zero” crushed stone. The ARC had the pH adjusted with lime to values close to 7.0 and concentration of nutrients modified to have a relationship BOD/N/P equal to 100/5/1. In half of the SACs was planted ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and in the other half oat (Avena strigosa Schreb). As a result, it was observed that the plant species grown in the SACs have influenced the removal efficiencies of phosphorus by the systems (SAC 3 e SAC 4 ; SAC 5 e SAC 6 ). The systems that received the lowest loads of nutrients and phenolic compounds showed the highest removal efficiencies, reaching 40% for N T and 50% for P T . The removal of total phenolic compounds was higher than 65% in most systems. Thus, it is considered to be feasible the application of anaerobic filter system followed by constructed wetland system for the treatment of ARC.
Six treatment systems composed of three anaerobic filters with downflow followed by six constructed wetlands (SACs) have been operationally evaluated in the treatment of wastewater from coffee fruit processing (ARC). The filters were made of PVC (1.5 m high and 0.35 m in diameter) and filled with n. 2 crushed stone. SACs were constructed of wood boxes (1.5 m long, 0.4 m high and 0.5 m wide) being sealed with an HDPE geomembrane and filled with “zero” crushed stone. The ARC had the pH adjusted with lime to values close to 7.0 and concentration of nutrients modified to have a relationship BOD/N/P equal to 100/5/1. In half of the SACs was planted ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and in the other half oat (Avena strigosa Schreb). As a result, it was observed that the plant species grown in the SACs have influenced the removal efficiencies of phosphorus by the systems (SAC 3 e SAC 4 ; SAC 5 e SAC 6 ). The systems that received the lowest loads of nutrients and phenolic compounds showed the highest removal efficiencies, reaching 40% for N T and 50% for P T . The removal of total phenolic compounds was higher than 65% in most systems. Thus, it is considered to be feasible the application of anaerobic filter system followed by constructed wetland system for the treatment of ARC.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tratamento anaeróbio, Wetlands construídos, Água residuária agroindustrial, Compostos fenólicos
Citação
FIA, R. et al.Tratamento das águas do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro em filtro anaeróbio seguido por sistema alagado construído: II - Remoção de nutrientes e compostos fenólicos. Engenharia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, v.30, n.6, p.1203-1213, nov./dez. 2010.