Produção e microambiente de cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.) a diferentes distâncias de renques de cedro-australiano e eucalipto
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Data
2023-05-31
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Em decorrência das mudanças climáticas é esperado que a cultura do cafeeiro arábica sofra alterações no seu desenvolvimento e produtividade. O cultivo do cafeeiro em Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAF) apresenta potencial de mitigar alterações negativas do clima, vide os extremos climáticos, resultando em menores estresses ambientais ao cafeeiro. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da espécie arbórea e da distância entre os cafeeiros e as árvores sobre o microclima e a produtividade do cafeeiro. O experimento localizou-se no município de Coimbra, Região das Matas de Minas Gerais, a 825 m de altitude, numa encosta com 21% de declividade e face de exposição solar sudeste a 142º SE. Foi conduzido entre setembro de 2021 e junho de 2022, instalado em uma lavoura de Coffea arabica L. cv. Catuaí 144, implantada em 2006. O espaçamento entre as plantas foi de 2,80 × 0,70 m, resultando em 5102 plantas/ha. Os renques de árvores foram implantados em 2006, utilizando-se duas espécies arbóreas (Eucalyptus sp. e Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. Australis), com espaçamento entre plantas de 1,82 e 3,43 m. As variáveis microclimáticas (potencial matricial do solo a 20 e a 40 cm de profundidade, temperaturas máxima, média e mínima do ar e radiação fotossinteticamente ativa) foram avaliadas, assim como a produtividade na safra 2021/22 foi estimada. Houve redução da produtividade conforme a proximidade do renque de eucaliptos, possivelmente causada pela competição por água, ainda que o ano agrícola tenha apresentado adequada disponibilidade hídrica para a região. A flutuação da temperatura do ar foi menor nos cafeeiros sombreados pelo eucalipto. O cafeeiro associado ao cedro-australiano apresentou produtividade (46,29 sacas/ha) superior à média da região cafeicultora (23,10 sacas/ha). Não houve diferença na radiação fotossinteticamente ativa disponível aos cafeeiros, independentemente da espécie arbórea ou distância dos cafeeiros ao renque. Conclui-se que o cedro-australiano pouco influencia nas variáveis microclimáticas avaliadas e na produtividade do cafeeiro. Temperaturas do ar mais altas estão relacionadas a maiores produtividades na associação com o Eucalipto. Palavras-chave: Café. Sombreamento. Produtividade. Microclima.
As a result of climate change, it is expected that the Arabica coffee crop will undergo changes in its development and productivity. Coffee cultivation in Agroforestry Systems (SAF) has the potential to mitigate negative climate changes, for instance, climate extremes, resulting in lower environmental stresses to the coffee tree. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the tree species and the distance between the coffee trees and the trees on the microclimate and the productivity of the coffee tree. The experiment was located in the municipality of Coimbra, Forest Region of Minas Gerais, at 825 m altitude, on a slope with 21% slope and face of sun exposure southeast at 142º SE. It was conducted between September 2021 and June 2022, installed in a crop of Coffea arabica L. cv. Catuaí 144, implemented in 2006. The spacing between plants was 2.80 × 0.70 m, resulting in 5102 plants/ha. The tree alleys were implanted in 2006, using two tree species (Eucalyptus sp. and Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. Australis), with plant spacing of 1.82 and 3.43 m. The microclimatic variables (soil matrix potential at 20 and 40 cm depth, maximum, average and minimum air temperatures and photosynthetically active radiation) were evaluated, as well as the productivity in the 2021/22 harvest was estimated. There was a reduction in productivity according to the proximity of the Eucalyptus yield, possibly caused by competition for water, although the agricultural year presented adequate water availability for the region. The fluctuation of air temperature was lower in coffee trees shaded by Eucalyptus. The coffee tree associated with Australian cedar presented productivity (46.29 bags/ha) higher than the average of the coffee-growing region (23.10 bags/ha). There was no difference in the photosynthetically active radiation available to the coffee trees, regardless of the tree species or distance from the coffee trees to the alley. It is concluded that the Australian cedar has little influence on the microclimatic variables evaluated and on the productivity of the coffee tree. Higher air temperatures are related to higher productivity in the association with Eucalyptus. Keywords: Coffee. Shading. Yield. Microclimate.
As a result of climate change, it is expected that the Arabica coffee crop will undergo changes in its development and productivity. Coffee cultivation in Agroforestry Systems (SAF) has the potential to mitigate negative climate changes, for instance, climate extremes, resulting in lower environmental stresses to the coffee tree. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the tree species and the distance between the coffee trees and the trees on the microclimate and the productivity of the coffee tree. The experiment was located in the municipality of Coimbra, Forest Region of Minas Gerais, at 825 m altitude, on a slope with 21% slope and face of sun exposure southeast at 142º SE. It was conducted between September 2021 and June 2022, installed in a crop of Coffea arabica L. cv. Catuaí 144, implemented in 2006. The spacing between plants was 2.80 × 0.70 m, resulting in 5102 plants/ha. The tree alleys were implanted in 2006, using two tree species (Eucalyptus sp. and Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. Australis), with plant spacing of 1.82 and 3.43 m. The microclimatic variables (soil matrix potential at 20 and 40 cm depth, maximum, average and minimum air temperatures and photosynthetically active radiation) were evaluated, as well as the productivity in the 2021/22 harvest was estimated. There was a reduction in productivity according to the proximity of the Eucalyptus yield, possibly caused by competition for water, although the agricultural year presented adequate water availability for the region. The fluctuation of air temperature was lower in coffee trees shaded by Eucalyptus. The coffee tree associated with Australian cedar presented productivity (46.29 bags/ha) higher than the average of the coffee-growing region (23.10 bags/ha). There was no difference in the photosynthetically active radiation available to the coffee trees, regardless of the tree species or distance from the coffee trees to the alley. It is concluded that the Australian cedar has little influence on the microclimatic variables evaluated and on the productivity of the coffee tree. Higher air temperatures are related to higher productivity in the association with Eucalyptus. Keywords: Coffee. Shading. Yield. Microclimate.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Café - Cultivo, Café - Produtividade, Plantas - Efeito da sombra, Mudanças climáticas
Citação
SOUZA NETO, Jussiê Gonçalves de. Produção e microambiente de cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.) a diferentes distâncias de renques de cedro-australiano e eucalipto. 2023. 38 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroecologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.