Distribuição espacial da qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de Coffea arabica L.
Data
2010-08-24
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
A cafeicultura é uma importante atividade econômica social para pequenos e médios agricultores gerando riquezas e divisas no país, sendo assim o Brasil se destaca como maior produtor e consumidor de café do mundo. No entanto um dos fatores capaz de prejudicar o potencial desta espécie é a má qualidade das sementes. Uma das ferramentas que está sendo proposta para utilização na agricultura é a análise Geoestatística, para verificar a existência e quantificar o grau de dependência espacial das variáveis estudadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial de características que auxiliam na caracterização da qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de Coffea arabica L., cv Catuaí Vermelho 44 e Catucaí Amarelo 20/15 – 479, como também para definir a região para amostragem das lavouras em estudo. As sementes foram provenientes de duas lavouras cafeeiras com cinco anos de idade, da safra 2007/2008, coletadas em diferentes pontos georreferenciados. As sementes de Catucaí Amarelo 20/15 – 479 foram coletadas em uma lavoura em uma área de 1,2 ha e as sementes de Catuaí Vermelho 44 foram coletadas em uma lavoura de área 0,8 ha. Ambas com declividade de 64o e espaçamento de 2,5 x 0,6 m na Fazenda Jaguaraí, localizada no município de Reduto-MG, na região Zona da Mata mineira. As sementes foram coletadas em três plantas, com uma área de 6 m 2 , em 50 pontos por cultivar. Em laboratório utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com quatro repetições de 25 sementes por ponto georreferenciado. Após a retirada dos pergaminhos, as sementes foram tratadas com Captan (Orthocide) a 0,1% por cinco minutos e submetidas às seguintes determinações: teor de água, germinação primeira contagem de germinação, comprimento de raiz e comprimento parte aérea. Posteriormente, as sementes foram colocadas para desenvolverem no germinador na temperatura 20-30°C por 60 dias e, em seguida, foram encaminhadas para o laboratório para identificação de fungos. Nos resultados verificou-se dependência espacial das variáveis de qualidade fisiológica analisadas para ambos cultivares. Verificou-se dependência espacial para a variável indicativo de fungos com alcance variando de 14 a 19 m, sendo menor alcance para o Cultivar Catuaí e maior alcance para o Cultivar Catucaí.
The coffee is an important social economic activity for small and medium farmers generating wealth and currency into the country, so Brazil stands out as the largest producer and consumer of coffee in the world. However one of the factors capable of undermining the potential of this variety is the poor quality of seeds. One of the tools being proposed for use in agriculture is the Geostatistics analyze to verify the existence and quantify the degree of spatial dependency of the variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of characteristics that help to characterize the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí Red 44 and Yellow Catucaí 20/15 - 479, but also to set the region to sample of the crops under study. The seeds came from two coffee plantations with five years of age, the 2007/2008 harvest, collected at different point’s georreferenced. The seeds of Yellow Catucaí 20/15 - 479 were collected in a plantation in an area of 1.2 ha and seed Catuaí 44 were collected in a 0.8 ha crop area. Both with slopes of 64 and a spacing of 2.5 x 0.6 m in Jaguaraí Farm, located in the Reduto-MG, at Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais. Seeds were collected at three plants, with an area of 6 m 2 , at 50 points per cultivar. In the laboratory It was used a randomized design with four replicates of 25 seeds per georreference. After removal of the scrolls, the seeds were treated with Captan (Orthocide) to 0.1% for five minutes and submitted to the following determinations in the laboratory for germination, water content, first count, length root, shoot length, fresh and dry root and shoot of seedlings. Then the seeds were placed to develop the germ in the temperature 20-30°C for 60 days and then were sent to the laboratory for identification of fungi. In the results there was spatial dependence of physiological variables examined for both quality cultivars. There was spatial dependence on the variable indicative of fungi with scope ranging from 14 to 19 m, and less scope for Catuaí and greater range for the Growing Catucaí.
The coffee is an important social economic activity for small and medium farmers generating wealth and currency into the country, so Brazil stands out as the largest producer and consumer of coffee in the world. However one of the factors capable of undermining the potential of this variety is the poor quality of seeds. One of the tools being proposed for use in agriculture is the Geostatistics analyze to verify the existence and quantify the degree of spatial dependency of the variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of characteristics that help to characterize the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí Red 44 and Yellow Catucaí 20/15 - 479, but also to set the region to sample of the crops under study. The seeds came from two coffee plantations with five years of age, the 2007/2008 harvest, collected at different point’s georreferenced. The seeds of Yellow Catucaí 20/15 - 479 were collected in a plantation in an area of 1.2 ha and seed Catuaí 44 were collected in a 0.8 ha crop area. Both with slopes of 64 and a spacing of 2.5 x 0.6 m in Jaguaraí Farm, located in the Reduto-MG, at Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais. Seeds were collected at three plants, with an area of 6 m 2 , at 50 points per cultivar. In the laboratory It was used a randomized design with four replicates of 25 seeds per georreference. After removal of the scrolls, the seeds were treated with Captan (Orthocide) to 0.1% for five minutes and submitted to the following determinations in the laboratory for germination, water content, first count, length root, shoot length, fresh and dry root and shoot of seedlings. Then the seeds were placed to develop the germ in the temperature 20-30°C for 60 days and then were sent to the laboratory for identification of fungi. In the results there was spatial dependence of physiological variables examined for both quality cultivars. There was spatial dependence on the variable indicative of fungi with scope ranging from 14 to 19 m, and less scope for Catuaí and greater range for the Growing Catucaí.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Agricultura de precisão, Germinação, Sementes
Citação
TRIGO, M. F. I . Q. Distribuição espacial da qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de Coffea arabica L. 2010. 78 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre. 2010.