Efeito da Xylella fastidiosa em cafeeiros em diferentes regiões edafoclimáticas
Data
2005-01
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Editor
Instituto Agronômico (IAC)
Resumo
A bactéria Xylella fastidiosa vem causando problemas para a cafeicultura, uma vez que sua presença, associada a diversos fatores de estresse, provoca um decréscimo na produção devido à diminuição no número e tamanho dos frutos e à morte de alguns ramos. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar o efeito da X. fastidiosa sobre cultivares de Coffea arabica (enxertados ou não) através da quantificação da proporção de vasos do xilema obstruídos pela bactéria, nas diferentes partes da planta e entre ramos com e sem sintoma da doença, em experimentos desenvolvidos em diferentes regiões edafoclimáticas. Avaliou-se também a distribuição das classes de infecção nas diferentes partes da planta nos materiais genéticos estudados. Os experimentos foram instalados em 1986 em Mococa e Garça (SP) e as amostras para o estudo anatômico, retiradas em abril de 1998 e 2000 (período de estresse hídrico), respectivamente, das plantas de cafeeiros dessas áreas. Na região de Mococa, observou-se que a nervura principal e o pecíolo foram os tecidos com proporção maior de vasos do xilema obstruídos pela X. fastidiosa; na região de Garça, foram o pecíolo e o caule. Não houve diferenças significativas na obstrução de elementos de vaso do xilema do cafeeiro ocasionado pela bactéria entre as duas regiões estudadas. Não houve tolerância à bactéria nos materiais genéticos, havendo no entanto variação dentro de cada um deles. Na região de Garça, nas plantas de café, observou-se alta proporção de vasos obstruídos nas raízes (3%), entretanto, não houve dano maior na parte aérea.
The Xylella fastidiosa bacterium causes problems to coffee cultivation because of a relationship with various stress factors, leading to reduction on coffee production by decreasing fruit number and size, as well as senescence of branches. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of Xylella fastidiosa to Coffea arabica cultivars (grafted or not) through the quantification of plugging bacterium within xylem vessels at different plant parts of plant symptomatic versus assymptomatic branches. The experiments were installed in 1986 in two different edaphoclimatic areas: Mococa and Garça, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The distribution of infection class was determined in different plant parts of genetic materials in study. The samples for anatomic studies were analyzed at stress hidric periods of April 1998 and 2000, respectively. The midvein and petiole in Mococa region showed more obliterated xylem vessels with X. fastidiosa than in Garça were the petiole and stem were the tissues parts more affected. There were not significant differences on bacterium coffee effect between the two studied regions. Also, bacterium tolerance did not show difference among genetic materials. However, variations within each one of them did existed. In Garça region, the coffee plants exhibited the highest proportion of obliterated vessels in root (3%), which was not translated in disease severity in the aerial part.
The Xylella fastidiosa bacterium causes problems to coffee cultivation because of a relationship with various stress factors, leading to reduction on coffee production by decreasing fruit number and size, as well as senescence of branches. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of Xylella fastidiosa to Coffea arabica cultivars (grafted or not) through the quantification of plugging bacterium within xylem vessels at different plant parts of plant symptomatic versus assymptomatic branches. The experiments were installed in 1986 in two different edaphoclimatic areas: Mococa and Garça, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The distribution of infection class was determined in different plant parts of genetic materials in study. The samples for anatomic studies were analyzed at stress hidric periods of April 1998 and 2000, respectively. The midvein and petiole in Mococa region showed more obliterated xylem vessels with X. fastidiosa than in Garça were the petiole and stem were the tissues parts more affected. There were not significant differences on bacterium coffee effect between the two studied regions. Also, bacterium tolerance did not show difference among genetic materials. However, variations within each one of them did existed. In Garça region, the coffee plants exhibited the highest proportion of obliterated vessels in root (3%), which was not translated in disease severity in the aerial part.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Xylella fastidiosa, Obstrução do xilema
Citação
QUEIROZ-VOLTAN, R. B. et al. Efeito da Xylella fastidiosa em cafeeiros em diferentes regiões edafoclimáticas. Bragantia, Campinas, v. 64, n. 1, p. 89-100, Jan./Mar. 2005.