Efeitos da distribuição de árvores sobre atributos do solo em cafeeiro sombreado
Data
2017-10
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Editor
Editora UFLA
Resumo
Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da distribuição espacial de árvores (Anadenanthera falcata, Albizia polycephala e Cassia grandis) em cultivo de cafeeiro sombreado (Coffea arabica cv. Obatâ), sobre a resistência mecânica, umidade e propriedades químicas do solo. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4x2. O primeiro fator foi a localização dos pontos de amostragem do solo no cafezal sombreado, determinados por dois pontos na mesma linha de plantio das árvores (D1L - um metro de distância do tronco da árvore e D6L - seis metros de distância do tronco da árvore) e dois pontos paralelos a esses localizados na entrelinha de plantio das árvores (D1E e D6E). O segundo fator foi a profundidade de coleta do solo: 0,0-0,20 m e 0,20-0,40 m. As maiores resistências mecânicas do solo à penetração foram observadas nos pontos D1L e D1E, com 8,89 Mpa e 6,55 Mpa, respectivamente. O menor valor de pH (4,62) e o maior teor de alumínio no solo (4,95 mmol c dm - 3) foram encontrados na linha de plantio das árvores, no ponto D1L. A distribuição espacial das árvores não alterou a umidade do solo, variando entre 0,11 e 0,14 kg kg -1 e os teores de matéria orgânica, fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio, os quais se mantiveram dentro das faixas consideradas adequadas para o cultivo do cafeeiro. Conclui-se que as árvores avaliadas elevam a resistência do solo à penetração e provavelmente exercem maior competição por nutrientes com o cafeeiro, aumentando o pH e os teores de Al do solo, quando localizadas no ponto D1L, possivelmente, em função da distribuição e concentração das raízes das mesmas. Contudo, a distribuição das árvores não influenciou a umidade e os teores de matéria orgânica, P, K e Ca do solo.
The objective in this work was to evaluate the effect of spatial distribution of tree species (Anadenanthera falcata, Albizia polycephala e Cassia grandis) on shaded coffee plants (Coffea arabica cv. Obatâ), to mechanical strength, moisture and chemical characteristics of the soil. The experimental design was randomized block with four replicates in a 4x2 factorial scheme. The first factor the location of soil sampling on the shaded coffee plantation, determined by two points in the trees planting rows (D1L distancing one meter from the tree trunk and D6L distancing six meters from the tree trunks) and two point, parallel to those, in the inter row (D1E and D6E). The second factor was the soil sampling depth: 0.00-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 meters. The soil largest mechanical resistances were found in D1L and D1E, with 8.889 Mpa and 6.55 Mpa, respectively. The soil lowest pH values (4.62) and greatest aluminum contents (4.95 mmol c dm-3 ) were found in the trees planting rows at D1L. Trees spatial distribution did not affected soil moisture, that varied from 0.11 to 0.14 kg kg-1 or soils contents of organic matter as well as sums of phosphor, potassium, calcium or magnesium, that were within proper level to coffee plants cropping. In conclusion, the evaluated trees raised soil resistance to penetration and probable exert great competition for nutrients with the coffee trees, increasing soil pH values and aluminum contents, when located at D1L, possibly, due roots distribution and concentration of these tree species. However, trees distribution did not affected soil moisture, its organic matter contents or P, K and Ca sums.
The objective in this work was to evaluate the effect of spatial distribution of tree species (Anadenanthera falcata, Albizia polycephala e Cassia grandis) on shaded coffee plants (Coffea arabica cv. Obatâ), to mechanical strength, moisture and chemical characteristics of the soil. The experimental design was randomized block with four replicates in a 4x2 factorial scheme. The first factor the location of soil sampling on the shaded coffee plantation, determined by two points in the trees planting rows (D1L distancing one meter from the tree trunk and D6L distancing six meters from the tree trunks) and two point, parallel to those, in the inter row (D1E and D6E). The second factor was the soil sampling depth: 0.00-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 meters. The soil largest mechanical resistances were found in D1L and D1E, with 8.889 Mpa and 6.55 Mpa, respectively. The soil lowest pH values (4.62) and greatest aluminum contents (4.95 mmol c dm-3 ) were found in the trees planting rows at D1L. Trees spatial distribution did not affected soil moisture, that varied from 0.11 to 0.14 kg kg-1 or soils contents of organic matter as well as sums of phosphor, potassium, calcium or magnesium, that were within proper level to coffee plants cropping. In conclusion, the evaluated trees raised soil resistance to penetration and probable exert great competition for nutrients with the coffee trees, increasing soil pH values and aluminum contents, when located at D1L, possibly, due roots distribution and concentration of these tree species. However, trees distribution did not affected soil moisture, its organic matter contents or P, K and Ca sums.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Espécies arbóreas, Resistência mecânica do solo a penetração, Umidade do solo, Fertilidade do solo
Citação
MORINIGO, K. P. G. et al. Efeitos da distribuição de árvores sobre atributos do solo em cafeeiro sombreado. Coffee Science, Lavras, v. 12, n. 4, p. 517-525, out./dez. 2017.