Resistência à ferrugem do cafeeiro: mapeamento genético, físico e análise da expressão gênica em resposta a infecção de H. vastatrix
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Data
2009
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A ferrugem alaranjada causada pelo fungo biotrófico Hemileia vastatrix é uma das doenças que mais causa prejuízos econômicos aos cafeicultores. O melhoramento genético de cafeeiros visando obtenção de cultivares resistentes é lento e os estudos moleculars de identificação dos genes de resistência a H. vastatrix ainda são pouco informativos. Este estudo teve como objetivo obter informações de genética estrutural e funcional desta interação incompatível. Avaliou- se uma população UFV F2421-4 (Híbrido de Timor x Catuaí) com 224 cafeeiros segregantes para um gene que confere resistência a raça II de H. vastatrix. Foi obtido um mapa genético saturado com 25 marcadores AFLP que possibilitou a elaboração do mapa genético de alta densidade com 6 marcadores SCARs delimitando uma região cromossômica de 9,45 cM e flanqueando o gene de resistência a 0,7 e 0,9 cM. Os marcadores SCARs constituem-se as primeiras ferramentas disponíveis para estratégias para obter a resistência à ferrugem do cafeeiro por seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares. O mapa genético de maracdores SCARs orientou a construção do contig com 4,7 cM e ~360 kb, obtido pelo ordenamento de 5 clones BAC que continham simultânea a presença de dois marcadores. Foram isolados dois clones BAC portadores dos marcadores que flanqueiam o gene de resistência compreendendo a uma região ~120 kb. A obtenção do contig possibilitará a clonagem do primeiro gene de resistência a ferrugem em café. No estudo de expressão gênica diferencial foram identificados 108 Fragmentos Derivados de Transcritos (TDF) através da técnica de cDNA-AFLP, sendo 93 desta similares com genes envolvidos em processos biológicos de metabolismo, crescimento, ativação gênica, sinalização, respostas de defesa e degradação controlada de proteínas. Destes, foram selecionados 21 TDFs potencialmente envolvidos na sinalização e respostas de defesa para a análise de expressão por PCR em tempo real. Os genes selecionados são ativados 12 h pós-inoculação. Aqueles classificados como envolvidos na sinalização apresentaram maior expressão 24 h após a inoculação e para defesa, aumentaram a expressão exponencialmente até 72 h. Para TDFs similares a genes de sinalização, o maior nível de expressão foi observado para um gene NBS-LRR e, para a resposta de defesa, um gene que codifica para proteínas relacionadas à patogênese PR5 (semelhantes à Taumatina). O TDF NBS-LRR é um gene candidato do reconhecimento do elicitor do patógeno e PR5 pode ter um importante papel na resposta de defesa em cafeeiro. A identificação de genes diferencialmente expressos em cafeeiro constitui-se numa importante informação para compreender o mecanismo molecular de resistência à ferrugem.
The coffee leaf rust it is caused by the biothrofic fungus Hemileia vastatrix is one diseases that more it causes economical damages. The coffee breeding for obtaining for resistance plants it is slow and the moleculars studies of identification for resistance genes to H. vastatrix are still few informative. This study had as objective to obtain information structural and functional genetics of this incompatible interaction. A population UFV F2421-4 was evaluated (Hibrido de Timor x Catuaí) with 224 coffee plants segregants for a gene for resistance for H. vastatrix race II. It was obtained a genetic map saturated with 25 AFLP markers that made possible the elaboration of the genetic map of high density with 6 SCARs markers delimiting a chromosomal region of 9,45 cM and flanking to resistance gene the 0.7 and 0.9 cM. The SCARs markers are first available tools it is constituted for strategies to obtain the resistance for coffee leaf rust by molecular markers assisted selection. The genetic mapping SCARs markers guided the construction of the contig with 4.7 cM and ~360kb, obtained of the ordering of 5 clones BAC that contained simultaneous the presence of two markers. They were isolated two clones BAC bearers of the markers that flanking the resistance gene into region ~120 kb. The obtaining of the contig will make possible the cloning of the first resistance gene the coffee leaf rust. In the study of genic expression were identified 108 Transcripts- Derived Fragments (TDF) through the cDNA-AFLP technique, being 93 of this similar with genes involved in biological processes of metabolism, growth, genic activation, signalling, defense response and protein controlled degradation. Of these, 21 TDFs were selected potentially involved in the signalling and defense response for the expression analysis for Real Time PCR. The selected genes are activated 12 h pósinoculation. Those classified as having involved in the signalling presented more expression 24 h pós-inoculation and for defense, increased the expression exponentially up to 72 h. Similar TDFs to signalling genes, the largest expression level was observed for a gene NBSLRR and, for the defense, a gene that codifies for pathogenesis-related protein PR5 (similar to Thaumatin). TDF NBS-LRR is a gene candidate of the recognition for elicitor of pathogen and PR5 can have an important ativity in the defense in coffee plant. The identification gene differentility expressed is constituted in an important information to understand the molecular mechanism of resistance for coffee leaf rust.
The coffee leaf rust it is caused by the biothrofic fungus Hemileia vastatrix is one diseases that more it causes economical damages. The coffee breeding for obtaining for resistance plants it is slow and the moleculars studies of identification for resistance genes to H. vastatrix are still few informative. This study had as objective to obtain information structural and functional genetics of this incompatible interaction. A population UFV F2421-4 was evaluated (Hibrido de Timor x Catuaí) with 224 coffee plants segregants for a gene for resistance for H. vastatrix race II. It was obtained a genetic map saturated with 25 AFLP markers that made possible the elaboration of the genetic map of high density with 6 SCARs markers delimiting a chromosomal region of 9,45 cM and flanking to resistance gene the 0.7 and 0.9 cM. The SCARs markers are first available tools it is constituted for strategies to obtain the resistance for coffee leaf rust by molecular markers assisted selection. The genetic mapping SCARs markers guided the construction of the contig with 4.7 cM and ~360kb, obtained of the ordering of 5 clones BAC that contained simultaneous the presence of two markers. They were isolated two clones BAC bearers of the markers that flanking the resistance gene into region ~120 kb. The obtaining of the contig will make possible the cloning of the first resistance gene the coffee leaf rust. In the study of genic expression were identified 108 Transcripts- Derived Fragments (TDF) through the cDNA-AFLP technique, being 93 of this similar with genes involved in biological processes of metabolism, growth, genic activation, signalling, defense response and protein controlled degradation. Of these, 21 TDFs were selected potentially involved in the signalling and defense response for the expression analysis for Real Time PCR. The selected genes are activated 12 h pósinoculation. Those classified as having involved in the signalling presented more expression 24 h pós-inoculation and for defense, increased the expression exponentially up to 72 h. Similar TDFs to signalling genes, the largest expression level was observed for a gene NBSLRR and, for the defense, a gene that codifies for pathogenesis-related protein PR5 (similar to Thaumatin). TDF NBS-LRR is a gene candidate of the recognition for elicitor of pathogen and PR5 can have an important ativity in the defense in coffee plant. The identification gene differentility expressed is constituted in an important information to understand the molecular mechanism of resistance for coffee leaf rust.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Ferrugem do cafeeiro; Contig; Resposta de defesa; Genes de sinalização; TDFs; Hemileia vastatrix;, Coffee leaf rust; Contig; Defense response; Signalling genes; TDFs; Hemileia vastatrix;
Citação
Diola, Valdir. Resistência à ferrugem do cafeeiro: mapeamento genético, físico e análise da expressão gênica em resposta a infecção de H. vastatrix. Viçosa, MG : UFV, 2009. 90 f. : il. (Tese - Doutorado em Fisiologia Vegetal). Orientador: Marcelo Ehlers Loureiro. T 633.7394 D591m 2009