Ácido cítrico via solo e seus efeitos na nutrição do cafeeiro
Data
2015-02-06
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O uso exógeno de ácidos orgânicos de baixa massa molecular vem sendo ultimamente muito testado na agricultura, entretanto, estudos para verificação do efeito destes ácidos, principalmente, o cítrico via solo por meio de análises nutricionais nas plantas e química do solo são de fundamental importância. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade, os atributos químicos do solo, o estado nutricional e as faixas de suficiência em cafeeiros (Coffea arabica), durante quatro safras submetidas à aplicação de ácido cítrico (AC) em duas regiões de Minas Gerais. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos de campo em fazendas particulares, sendo um em Argissolo Amarelo distrófico (PAd) em Diamantina e o outro em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd) em Campos Altos. Usaram-se, em ambos os locais de cultivo, cafezais da espécie Coffea arabica, L. da cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 com idades de quatro e seis anos, com uma planta por cova nos espaçamentos 4,0 x 0,80 m e 4,0 x 0,75 m, respectivamente. Utilizou-se do delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com duas repetições dos tratamentos por bloco com quatro blocos. Os tratamentos foram compostos por quatro doses AC (0, 1, 2 e 4 kg ha -1 ) em aplicação única via regador na projeção da copa das plantas, em dezembro de 2008, 2009, 2010 e 2011. Foram avaliados a produtividade de grãos de café beneficiados em quatro safras (2009 a 2012), em cada local de cultivo, os atributos químicos (pH, P total, P rem, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, CTC a pH 7, V% e C.O.) e os teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes. E, determinadas as faixas de suficiência foliares para média de quatro safras do cafeeiro nos dois locais. Pelos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o cafeeiro respondeu em produtividade de grãos à aplicação de doses crescentes de AC em ambos os locais de cultivo. As doses de AC para produtividade máxima e 90% da máxima foram 2,9 e 0,9 kg ha -1 de AC, com ganhos de até 23,0% no PAd e, 2,1 e 0,3 kg ha -1 com ganhos de até 8,5% no LVd. Pequenas doses de AC em solo PAd promove reequilíbrio das bases, não alteração do pH e saturação por bases, além de não alterar o carbono orgânico. Em LVd, o AC promove aumento linear do teor de fósforo remanescente, não alteração do pH e saturação por bases. As faixas de suficiência para o cafeeiro, correspondentes a 90-100% da produção máxima nas folhas sob aplicação de AC foram de: 0,16-0,22 dag kg -1 para P; 3,04-3,00 dag kg -1 para K; 1,32-1,26 dag kg -1 para Ca; 0,15-0,14 dag kg -1 para Mg; 0,31-0,27 dag kg -1 para S; 63,55-58,23 mg kg -1 para B (somente Diamantina) ; 35,01-43,97 mg kg -1 para Cu (somente Diamantina); 95,55-94,47 mg kg -1 para Fe; 81,31- 86,59 mg kg -1 para Mn (somente Diamantina); 23,67-28,16 mg kg -1 para Zn.
Exogenous use of low molecular weight organic acids has been very recently tested in agriculture. However, studies conducted to test the effect of these acids, especially citric acid, by means of nutritional analysis in plants and chemical attributes of soil, are of fundamental importance. The objective in this study was to evaluate productivity, chemical attributes of soil, nutritional status, and sufficiency range of nutrients in coffee (Coffea arabica), during four harvesting seasons, subjected to the application of citric acid (CA) in two regions of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. The experiments were conducted at private farms. One in Diamantina (MG), in Yellow Argisol dystrophic (YAd), and another in Campos Altos (MG), in Red Oxisol dystrophic (ROd). In both cultivation locations, we used Coffea arabica, cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99, with ages of four and six years, and one plant per pit in spacings of 4.0 x 0.80 m and 4.0 x 0.75, respectively. The experimental design used was of randomized blocks design, with four blocks and two replicates per block. The treatments were comprised of four doses of CA (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha -1 ), in single application via watering can, under the projection of the plant shoot, in December of 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. We evaluated the productivity of processed coffee from four harvests (from 2009 to 2012), and the chemical attributes (pH, total P, P rem, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, CEC at pH 7, V% and C.O.) and foliar contents of micro and micronutrients, at both cultivation locations. We also determined the foliar sufficiency ranges for the mean of four coffee harvests at both locations. With the results obtained, we concluded that the coffee plant responded in grain productivity to the application of increasing doses of citric acid at both locations. The doses of CA for maximum and 90% of maximum production were of 2.9 and 0.9 kg ha -1 , with gains of up to 23.0% in YAd and, productions of 2.0 and 0.3 kg ha -1 , with gains of up to 8.5% in ROd. Small doses of CA in YAd promoted base equilibrium, did not alter pH and base saturation, and no changes organic carbon. In ROd, CA promotes the linear increase in the content of rem P and does not alter pH and base saturation. The sufficiency ranges for the coffee plant, correspondent to 90-100% of the maximum leaf production under the application of CA, were of: 0.16-0.22 dag kg -1 for P; 3.04-3.00 dag kg -1 for K; 1.32-1.26 dag kg -1 for Ca; 0.15-0.14 dag kg -1 for Mg; 0.31-0.27 dag kg -1 for S; 63.55-58.23 mg kg -1 for B (only for Diamantina); 35.01-43.97 mg kg -1 for Cu (only for Diamantina); 95.55-94.47 mg kg -1 for Fe; 81.31-86.59 mg kg -1 for Mn (only for Diamantina); 23.67-28.16 mg kg -1 for Zn.
Exogenous use of low molecular weight organic acids has been very recently tested in agriculture. However, studies conducted to test the effect of these acids, especially citric acid, by means of nutritional analysis in plants and chemical attributes of soil, are of fundamental importance. The objective in this study was to evaluate productivity, chemical attributes of soil, nutritional status, and sufficiency range of nutrients in coffee (Coffea arabica), during four harvesting seasons, subjected to the application of citric acid (CA) in two regions of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. The experiments were conducted at private farms. One in Diamantina (MG), in Yellow Argisol dystrophic (YAd), and another in Campos Altos (MG), in Red Oxisol dystrophic (ROd). In both cultivation locations, we used Coffea arabica, cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99, with ages of four and six years, and one plant per pit in spacings of 4.0 x 0.80 m and 4.0 x 0.75, respectively. The experimental design used was of randomized blocks design, with four blocks and two replicates per block. The treatments were comprised of four doses of CA (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha -1 ), in single application via watering can, under the projection of the plant shoot, in December of 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. We evaluated the productivity of processed coffee from four harvests (from 2009 to 2012), and the chemical attributes (pH, total P, P rem, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, CEC at pH 7, V% and C.O.) and foliar contents of micro and micronutrients, at both cultivation locations. We also determined the foliar sufficiency ranges for the mean of four coffee harvests at both locations. With the results obtained, we concluded that the coffee plant responded in grain productivity to the application of increasing doses of citric acid at both locations. The doses of CA for maximum and 90% of maximum production were of 2.9 and 0.9 kg ha -1 , with gains of up to 23.0% in YAd and, productions of 2.0 and 0.3 kg ha -1 , with gains of up to 8.5% in ROd. Small doses of CA in YAd promoted base equilibrium, did not alter pH and base saturation, and no changes organic carbon. In ROd, CA promotes the linear increase in the content of rem P and does not alter pH and base saturation. The sufficiency ranges for the coffee plant, correspondent to 90-100% of the maximum leaf production under the application of CA, were of: 0.16-0.22 dag kg -1 for P; 3.04-3.00 dag kg -1 for K; 1.32-1.26 dag kg -1 for Ca; 0.15-0.14 dag kg -1 for Mg; 0.31-0.27 dag kg -1 for S; 63.55-58.23 mg kg -1 for B (only for Diamantina); 35.01-43.97 mg kg -1 for Cu (only for Diamantina); 95.55-94.47 mg kg -1 for Fe; 81.31-86.59 mg kg -1 for Mn (only for Diamantina); 23.67-28.16 mg kg -1 for Zn.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Ácidos orgânicos, Coffea arabica, Condicionador de solo, Fertilidade do solo, Produção
Citação
LEMOS, V. T. Ácido cítrico via solo e seus efeitos na nutrição do cafeeiro. 2015. 90 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2015.