Fontes alternativas de energias utilizadas na propulsão de microtrator agrícola para o processamento de café em terreiro
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Data
2005
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Neste trabalho, estudou-se o uso de motores alternativos para a propulsão de um
microtrator agrícola utilizado no revolvimento de café no terreiro. Alternativas de
energia usadas na propulsão permitem o uso do microtrator em diferentes funções,
elevando o índice de mecanização das lavouras brasileiras. Foram implementados e
ensaiados três diferentes tipos de motores:, um motor elétrico de corrente alternada
(MCA), um de corrente contínua (MCC) e um de combustão interna, de ciclo “Otto”
(MCI), montados sobre o chassi de um microtrator utilizado no revolvimento de frutos
de cafeeiro em terreiros de secagem. Também foram realizados ensaios de tração, cujos
resultados foram confrontados com um modelo, para simulação do comportamento
dinâmico trativo. Na montagem do microtrator MCA, empregou-se um motor elétrico
trifásico de corrente alternada, alimentado pela rede de energia elétrica convencional
por meio de cabos. O microtrator MCC foi impulsionado por um motor de corrente
contínua e, neste caso, a energia necessária para a movimentação do sistema era
armazenada em baterias de chumbo ácido que acompanham o protótipo. O microtrator
MCI, por sua vez, recebeu um motor à combustão interna, dois tempos, a gasolina. As
forças de tração máximas para as diferentes montagens foram medidas, demonstrandose
que o sistema MCC é capaz de desenvolver uma força de tração maior que os demais
sistemas, obtendo-se os seguintes resultados: 1,66 kN para o MCA, 2,02 kN para o
MCC e 1,61 kN para o MCI. Os resultados experimentais comprovaram que os
aumentos da força, da potência na barra de tração e do coeficiente de tração resultam em
um incremento da patinagem dos microtratores utilizados. Verificou-se que, para as três
fontes de propulsão, o aumento na velocidade de deslocamento do microtrator
demandou maior força para o revolvimento, o mesmo ocorrendo quando se elevou a
altura da camada de frutos no terreiro. O modelo adotado para simulação gerou,
menores valores para a força, a potência e o coeficiente de tração, quando comparados
aos valores experimentais, sendo especialmente adequado à simulação do
comportamento trativo do microtrator MCC.
The use of alternative engines for the propulsion of an agricultural microtractor in revolving the coffee on the yard was studied. The alternative sources of energy used in the propulsion allow for the use of microtractor in different functions, therefore rising the mechanization index of the Brazilian agriculture. The following types of engines were implemented and assayed three different engine types: one alternating-current electric engine (MCA), one direct-current electric engine (MCC), and one internalcombustion engine of the Otto-cycle type (MCI). These engines were assembled on the chassis of a microtractor used in revolving the coffee cherries on drying yards. Traction assays were also accomplished, from which the results were confronted with a model for simulation of the dynamic tractive behavior. In assembly of the MCA microtractor, an alternating-current, three-phase electric engine fed by conventional electrical network through cables was used. The MCC microtractor was impelled by a directcurrent engine; in this case, the energy needed for the system movement was stored in acid-lead batteries with which the prototype is provided. The MCI microtractor was added with an internal-combustion, two-stroke cycle, gasoline engine. The maximum tractive forces for the different assemblies were measured, so showing that the MCC system is able to develop a higher tractive force than the other systems, as the following results were obtained: 1.66 kN for MCA, 2.02 kN for MCC, and 1.61 kN for MCI. The experimental results proved that the increases in the power, drawbar horsepower, and traction coefficient result into an increased skidding of the microtractors used. For those three propulsion sources, the increase in the displacement speed of the microtractor required higher strength for revolving, and the same occurred when the height of the coffee cherry layer in the yard was increased. The model adopted for simulation rather generated lower values for the force, potency, and coefficient of traction, compared to the experimental values, although it is was especially adequate for simulating the tractive behavior of the MCC microtractor.
The use of alternative engines for the propulsion of an agricultural microtractor in revolving the coffee on the yard was studied. The alternative sources of energy used in the propulsion allow for the use of microtractor in different functions, therefore rising the mechanization index of the Brazilian agriculture. The following types of engines were implemented and assayed three different engine types: one alternating-current electric engine (MCA), one direct-current electric engine (MCC), and one internalcombustion engine of the Otto-cycle type (MCI). These engines were assembled on the chassis of a microtractor used in revolving the coffee cherries on drying yards. Traction assays were also accomplished, from which the results were confronted with a model for simulation of the dynamic tractive behavior. In assembly of the MCA microtractor, an alternating-current, three-phase electric engine fed by conventional electrical network through cables was used. The MCC microtractor was impelled by a directcurrent engine; in this case, the energy needed for the system movement was stored in acid-lead batteries with which the prototype is provided. The MCI microtractor was added with an internal-combustion, two-stroke cycle, gasoline engine. The maximum tractive forces for the different assemblies were measured, so showing that the MCC system is able to develop a higher tractive force than the other systems, as the following results were obtained: 1.66 kN for MCA, 2.02 kN for MCC, and 1.61 kN for MCI. The experimental results proved that the increases in the power, drawbar horsepower, and traction coefficient result into an increased skidding of the microtractors used. For those three propulsion sources, the increase in the displacement speed of the microtractor required higher strength for revolving, and the same occurred when the height of the coffee cherry layer in the yard was increased. The model adopted for simulation rather generated lower values for the force, potency, and coefficient of traction, compared to the experimental values, although it is was especially adequate for simulating the tractive behavior of the MCC microtractor.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Processamento Tratores agrícolas Consumo de combustível Ensaios Motores Desempenho Energia Fontes alternativas, Coffee processing Agricultural microtractor Fuel consumption Essays Engine performance Energy Alternative sources
Citação
Rodrigues, Denilson Eduardo. Fontes alternativas de energias utilizadas na propulsão de microtrator agrícola para o processamento de café em terreiro. Viçosa : UFV, 2005. 94p. : il. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola). Orientador: Mauri Martins Teixeira. T 631.3 R696t 2005