Manejo de plantas adventícias em cafezal e seu efeito sobre ácaros fitófagos e predadores
Data
2013-02-26
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de café e o segundo maior consumidor. Entre as pragas que afetam essa cultura estão os ácaros-pragas, entre eles o ácaro-vermelho-do-cafeeiro Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Tetranychidae), o ácaro da mancha-anular Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Tenuipalpidae) e o ácaro branco Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Tarsonemidae). São conhecidos também ácaros predadores que são benéficos para a cultura, sendo os principais aqueles pertencentes ao Phytoseiidae. O manejo das plantas adventícias nas entrelinhas do cafeeiro pode auxiliar na regulação da população dos artrópodes-praga, por meio da redução da população da praga favorecendo o aumento da população de predadores. A precipitação pluvial também pode ser um dos fatores naturais importantes na regulação das populações de pragas. Objetiva-se avaliar o efeito de práticas de manejo das plantas adventícias sobre populações de ácaros-praga e predadores em cafeeiro e o efeito da precipitação pluvial ao longo do ano sobre a ocorrência das principais espécies de ácaros-praga e predadores. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG- São Sebastião do Paraíso - MG, de janeiro de 2011 a junho de 2012. Os tratamentos foram: 1- Herbicida de pré-emergência, 2- Herbicida de pós-emergência, 3- Capina manual, 4- Roçadeira, 5- Grade, 6- Enxada rotativa e 7- Testemunha - Sem capina. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro linhas (50 plantas/linha), área útil composta por duas linhas centrais e 40 plantas/linha, totalizando 80 plantas. Mensalmente foram coletadas 25 folhas da região mediana do cafeeiro e amostras de plantas adventícias de folha larga e estreita por parcela, e transportadas ao laboratório, para extração dos ácaros e identificação. Constatou-se que as plantas adventícias em especial as de folhas largas, embora possam ser hospedeiras de ácaros-praga, também hospedam ácaros predadores também na seca ou em período de chuva, sendo importante a manutenção dessas plantas nas entrelinhas dos cafeeiros, proporcionando abrigo e alimento aos ácaros predadores, contribuindo para a sua permanência nas proximidades das lavouras de café. Durante os meses chuvosos foi observada uma maior ocorrência de ácaros predadores no manejo sem capina e uma baixa densidade de ácaros fitófagos, o que não ocorreu durante os meses secos, além de que nesses meses as plantas adventícias competem também por água e nutrientes com a cultura, sendo assim recomendado manter essas plantas na entrelinha do cafeeiro apenas no período chuvoso e logo após retirá-las, deixando o cafeeiro no limpo.
Brazil is the largest coffee producer and second largest coffee consumer. Among the pests that affect this culture are the mite pests, including coffee red mite Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1917) (Tetranychidae), the annular-spot mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Tenuipalpidae) and the white mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Tarsonemidae). It is also known the predatory mites that are beneficial to the culture, being mainly those belonging to the Phytoseiidae. The management of the adventitious plants between the lines of the coffee can help in the regulation of arthropod pest population, by reducing the pest population favoring the increase of predator population. The rainfall can also be an important natural factor in regulating pest population. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different forest management practices on the populations of mite pests and predators in coffee and the effects of rainfall through the year on the occurrence of major mite species, pests and predators. The experiment was conducted at the EPAMIG Experimental Farm in São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG, from January /2011 to June/2012. The treatments were: 1 - Pre-emergence herbicide, 2 - Post-emergence herbicide, 3 – Hand Weeding, 4 - Mowing, 5 – Harrow, 6 - Rotary Hoe and 7 - Witness - No Weeding. The plots consisted of four rows (50 plants / line), and the useful area composed of the two central lines and 40 plants / row, totaling 80 plants. Twenty-five leaves were collected monthly from the middle region of the coffee and samples of broad and narrow leaves weeds per plot and carried to laboratory to the extraction of mites and identification. It was found that adventitious plants, especially broad-leaved, although host mite pests, can also host predatory mites in dry or rainy season, being important to maintain these plants between the rows of coffee plants, providing shelter and food for predatory mites, contributing to their permanence near the coffee plantations. During the rainy months was observed a higher incidence of predatory mites in management without weeding and a low density of phytophagous mites, which did not occur during the dry months, besides during these months the adventitious plants also compete for water and nutrients with the culture. Therefore it is recommended to keep these plants between the rows of coffee only in the rainy season and after removing them, leaving the coffee clean.
Brazil is the largest coffee producer and second largest coffee consumer. Among the pests that affect this culture are the mite pests, including coffee red mite Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1917) (Tetranychidae), the annular-spot mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Tenuipalpidae) and the white mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Tarsonemidae). It is also known the predatory mites that are beneficial to the culture, being mainly those belonging to the Phytoseiidae. The management of the adventitious plants between the lines of the coffee can help in the regulation of arthropod pest population, by reducing the pest population favoring the increase of predator population. The rainfall can also be an important natural factor in regulating pest population. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different forest management practices on the populations of mite pests and predators in coffee and the effects of rainfall through the year on the occurrence of major mite species, pests and predators. The experiment was conducted at the EPAMIG Experimental Farm in São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG, from January /2011 to June/2012. The treatments were: 1 - Pre-emergence herbicide, 2 - Post-emergence herbicide, 3 – Hand Weeding, 4 - Mowing, 5 – Harrow, 6 - Rotary Hoe and 7 - Witness - No Weeding. The plots consisted of four rows (50 plants / line), and the useful area composed of the two central lines and 40 plants / row, totaling 80 plants. Twenty-five leaves were collected monthly from the middle region of the coffee and samples of broad and narrow leaves weeds per plot and carried to laboratory to the extraction of mites and identification. It was found that adventitious plants, especially broad-leaved, although host mite pests, can also host predatory mites in dry or rainy season, being important to maintain these plants between the rows of coffee plants, providing shelter and food for predatory mites, contributing to their permanence near the coffee plantations. During the rainy months was observed a higher incidence of predatory mites in management without weeding and a low density of phytophagous mites, which did not occur during the dry months, besides during these months the adventitious plants also compete for water and nutrients with the culture. Therefore it is recommended to keep these plants between the rows of coffee only in the rainy season and after removing them, leaving the coffee clean.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Agroecossistema cafeeiro, Acari, Precipitação pluvial, Phytoseiidae, Manejo Integrado de pragas
Citação
ABREU, F. A. Manejo de plantas adventícias em cafezal e seu efeito sobre ácaros fitófagos e predadores. 2013. 74 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2013.