Efeito do condicionamento fisiológico na germinação, no vigor e nas alterações enzimáticas em sementes de café (Coffea arabica L.)
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Data
2001
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O presente trabalho foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do condicionamento fisiológico na germinação e no vigor, determinando-se, ainda, as principais alterações enzimáticas ocorridas nas sementes. Para tanto, seis lotes de sementes de café do cultivar Catuaí Vermelho 2144 foram submetidas a tratamentos de embebição a 25ºC, em água e solução de polietileno glicol (PEG 6000) a -0,4 MPa, por dois, quatro e seis dias. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada imediatamente após o condicionamento pelos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, porcentagem de plântulas com raízes secundárias aos 20 e 30 dias, crescimento radicular, comprimento do eixo hipocótilo-radícula e peso de matéria seca de pântulas. Para determinação das principais alterações enzimáticas ocorridas nas sementes, utilizou-se a técnica de eletroforese em gel de amido 12% nas isoenzimas álcool desidrogenase (ADH), malato desidrogenase (MDH), glutamato desidrogenase (GDH), fosfatase ácida (ACP), peroxidase (PO) e [alfa] e [beta] esterases (EST). Os resultados permitiram concluir que os efeitos do condicionamento fisiológico variaram conforme a qualidade fisiológica inicial dos lotes. Em lotes de menor vigor, o condicionamento fisiológico aumentou a velocidade de germinação e a porcentagem de raízes secundárias aos 20 dias. O condicionamento fisiológico mostrou-se eficaz em promover ganhos de vigor no lote de média qualidade fisiológica, mas não foi efetivo nos lotes de baixo e alto vigores. O condicionamento fisiológico em água por dois e quatro dias foram os tratamentos mais efetivos para promover a melhoria da qualidade das sementes de café de médio vigor. A melhor solução extratora foi a n.º 1, de ALFENAS et al. (1991), modificada. A enzima ADH apresentou bandas mais nítidas quando a pré-corrida eletroforética foi realizada com 20 minutos e, as demais enzimas, com 30 minutos. As avaliações eletroforéticas revelaram que podem ocorrer alterações enzimáticas em razão, principalmente, da qualidade fisiológica dos lotes. As avaliações das atividades das enzimas ADH e [alfa] e [beta] EST não apresentaram associação com o vigor das sementes. Não foi possível ajustar uma metodologia para análise das enzimas PO, ACP e GDH. Houve maior atividade da enzima MDH nas sementes dos lotes de média e baixa qualidades fisiológicas em relação ao lote de alto vigor. Foi verificada menor atividade das enzimas ADH, MDH e EST nas sementes inviáveis. Houve redução na atividade da enzima [alfa] EST nas sementes dos lotes de médio vigor acondicionadas em água.
The present work was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa to evaluate the effects of pre-conditioning on germination and vigour, as well as to determine the main enzymatic alterations taking place in the coffee seeds. A total of six lots of coffee seeds cv. Catuaí Vermelho 2144 were soaked in 25oC water and 0.4 MPa polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solutions, for two, four and six days. The treatments were arranged in a randomized blocks design, with four replications in 50-seed plot. The physiological quality of seeds was evaluated immediately after the conditioning by the tests of germination, first germination counting, accelerated ageing, percentage of seedlings with secondary roots at 20 and 30 days, radicle growth, length of the hypocotyl-radicle axis and seedling dry matter weight. To determine the main enzymatic alterations occurred in the seeds 12% starch gel electrophoresis was used with the isozymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), peroxidase (PO) and [alfa] and [beta] estereases (EST). The results obtained led to the conclusion that the effects of the pre-conditioning varied according to the initial physiological quality of the lots. In seed lots with low vigour, the pre-conditioning increased the speed of germination and the percentage of secondary roots at 20 days. Pre-conditioning was effective in promoting gains of vigour in the seed lot of medium physiological quality, but not in the lots of low and high vigour. Physiological conditioning in water for two and four days were the most effective to increase quality of coffee seeds of medium vigour. The best extraction buffer was solution number 1, by ALFENAS et al. (1991), modified. The ADH enzyme gave more distinct bands when the electrophoresis pre-running was carried out for 20 minutes, and the other enzymes for 30 minutes. Zimogran evaluations showed that enzymatic alterations can occur mainly as a result of the physiological quality of the lots. The evaluations of the activities of ADH and [alfa] and [beta] EST enzymes did not present association with seed vigour. It was not possible to adjust a methodology to analyse the PO, ACP and GDH enzymes. There was greater activity of the MDH enzyme in the seeds of lots with medium and low physiological quality than in the high vigour lot. It was verified less activity of the ADH, MDH and EST enzymes in unviable seeds. There was reduction in the activity of [alfa] EST in the seeds of lots with medium vigour conditioned in water.
The present work was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa to evaluate the effects of pre-conditioning on germination and vigour, as well as to determine the main enzymatic alterations taking place in the coffee seeds. A total of six lots of coffee seeds cv. Catuaí Vermelho 2144 were soaked in 25oC water and 0.4 MPa polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solutions, for two, four and six days. The treatments were arranged in a randomized blocks design, with four replications in 50-seed plot. The physiological quality of seeds was evaluated immediately after the conditioning by the tests of germination, first germination counting, accelerated ageing, percentage of seedlings with secondary roots at 20 and 30 days, radicle growth, length of the hypocotyl-radicle axis and seedling dry matter weight. To determine the main enzymatic alterations occurred in the seeds 12% starch gel electrophoresis was used with the isozymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), peroxidase (PO) and [alfa] and [beta] estereases (EST). The results obtained led to the conclusion that the effects of the pre-conditioning varied according to the initial physiological quality of the lots. In seed lots with low vigour, the pre-conditioning increased the speed of germination and the percentage of secondary roots at 20 days. Pre-conditioning was effective in promoting gains of vigour in the seed lot of medium physiological quality, but not in the lots of low and high vigour. Physiological conditioning in water for two and four days were the most effective to increase quality of coffee seeds of medium vigour. The best extraction buffer was solution number 1, by ALFENAS et al. (1991), modified. The ADH enzyme gave more distinct bands when the electrophoresis pre-running was carried out for 20 minutes, and the other enzymes for 30 minutes. Zimogran evaluations showed that enzymatic alterations can occur mainly as a result of the physiological quality of the lots. The evaluations of the activities of ADH and [alfa] and [beta] EST enzymes did not present association with seed vigour. It was not possible to adjust a methodology to analyse the PO, ACP and GDH enzymes. There was greater activity of the MDH enzyme in the seeds of lots with medium and low physiological quality than in the high vigour lot. It was verified less activity of the ADH, MDH and EST enzymes in unviable seeds. There was reduction in the activity of [alfa] EST in the seeds of lots with medium vigour conditioned in water.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Semente Condicionamento osmótico Vigor Qualidade fisiológica Isoenzimas, Coffee seeds Pre-conditioning Vigour Physiological quality Isozymes
Citação
Pertel, Josete. Efeito do condicionamento fisiológico na germinação, no vigor e nas alterações enzimáticas em sementes de café (Coffea arabica L.). Viçosa : UFV, 2001. 101p. : il. (Dissertação - mestrado em Fitotecnia, 2000)