Obtenção e caracterização de calos e plântulas a partir de embriões zigóticos imaturos de Coffea arabica L. e análise in silico do gene SERK
Data
2008-12-12
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Pretendeu-se, com a realização deste trabalho, obterem-se alternativas, além do explante foliar e nodal, visando à micropropagação de cultivares de cafeeiros, relacionadas à qualidade da bebida, como o “Bourbon Amarelo’ e à produtividade, como o ‘Rubi’ para a região sul de Minas Gerais. Uma planta matriz de ‘Bourbon Amarelo’ foi utilizada para a obtenção dos frutos em estádio verde-cana de onde extraíram-se os embriões zigóticos imaturos. Observou-se que o maior percentual de crescimento pôde ser identificado aos 15 dias de cultivo dos embriões zigóticos imaturos em meio contendo o 99,91 μM de TDZ. O número médio de brotos na região da incisão no hipocótilo do embrião foi maior para o BAP (97,69 μM). Com o aumento da concentração de BAP, o número de folhas dos brotos aumenta proporcionalmente. Para a variável número de folhas isoladamente sob o efeito do BAP, em comparação a CIN e TDZ, observou-se efeito benéfico em decorrência do aumento de sua concentração. O efeito oxidativo do 2,4-D, causado pelas altas concentrações, chegou a 90% de probabilidade de oxidação e, possivelmente, estaria relacionado ao caráter herbicida do composto. O comportamento do TDZ e BAP, apesar de ambos apresentarem uma probabilidade menor para o crescimento do calo, revelou sua atuação no desenvolvimento do mesmo. Para o calo da cultivar Rubi, foi observado, ao MEV, que as células acumulam grande quantidade de grãos de amido, sugerindo que eles possam ser utilizados como marcadores iniciais do potencial embriogênico. A microscopia fotônica revelou que os calos provindos de embriões zigóticos apresentam-se como uma fonte de explante responsiva à embriogênese, mostrando indícios de formação de embriões somáticos em ‘Rubi’. Em relação à capacidade propagativa, não houve diferença significativa para a variável número de brotos entre o 6o e o 7o mês de cultivo, porém, houve um decréscimo no número de folhas e na matéria fresca e seca. Para os diâmetros polares e equatoriais, não houve diferenças significativas entre os cultivos in vitro e in vivo (de campo). Pôde ser observada diferença significativa (p<0,01) entre a relação diâmetro equatorial/polar, indicando maior simetria dos estômatos (células-guarda + ostíolo) na condição de cultivo in vitro. O número médio de estômatos por mm2 foi diferente, significativamente (p<0,01), entre os cultivos, sendo maior no material in vivo. O caule in vitro mostrou grande quantidade de tricomas, os quais, in vivo (de campo), não foram encontrados. O sistema radicular obtido in vitro apresenta estrutura pelífera. Devido à natureza juvenil e ao alto potencial regenerativo, verificado por meio das características da morfoanatomia foliar, embriões zigóticos de C. arabica L. cv. Rubi se apresentam como excelentes explantes para a propagação in vitro de cafeeiro. Na busca por prováveis genes dentro do banco de dados CAFEST em C. arábica, com base na similaridade com a seqüência de Coffea canephora para SERK, após o processo de busca e seleção de reads relacionados às seqüências, realizaram-se a montagem dos EST-contigs, o alinhamento entre seqüências e a análise filogenética. A análise de motifs de agrupamento pelo MEME/MAST revelou seqüências contendo domínios de aminoácidos relacionados a SERK. O perfil de expressão obtido pelo Northern Eletrônico revelou uma maior expressão das seqüências nas bibliotecas de calos e células em suspensão como se esperava, devido à competência celular esperada desses materiais. Tecidos que apresentam totipotência como fontes de explantes, como, por exemplo, hipocótilo, sementes, gemas florais, frutos e folhas, também foram visualizados contendo expressões desses genes candidatos. Dessa forma, foi possível identificar 12 seqüências prováveis (07 contigs e 05 singlets) relacionadas à SERK no banco de dados do CAFEST para Coffea arabica L., dos quais pelo menos C9 apresenta fortes indícios de similaridade com a proteína SERK de C. canephora.
It was intended in this work be obtained alternatives to the explant to foliate and nodal seeking the micropropagation of you cultivate of coffee plants related to the quality of the drink, like ‘Bourbon Amarelo’ and to the productivity as the ‘Rubi’ for the south area of Minas Gerais. A main plant of Bourbon Amarelo was used for obtaining of the fruits in stage verde-cana from where was extracted the immature zygotics embryos. We observed that the percentile largest of growth could be identified to the 15 days of cultivation of the immature zygotics embryos in medium containing 99,91 μM of TDZ. The medium number of sprouts in the area of the incision in the hypocotyls of the embryo went larger for BAP (97,69 μM). With the increase of the concentration of BAP the number of leaves of the sprouts increases proportionally. When observing the variable number of leaves separately under the effect of BAP in comparison with CIN and TDZ observed his beneficial effect due to the increase of his concentration. The oxidant effect of the 2,4-D caused by the high concentrations arrived to 90% of oxidation probability, it would be related possibly to the character herbicide of the composition. The behavior of TDZ and BAP, in spite of they present a smaller probability than for the growth of the callus, they reveal his performance in the development of the same. For the callus of cultivating Rubi it was observed SEM that the cells accumulate great amount of grains of starch, suggesting that the grains of starch can be used as initial markers of the embryogenic potential. The optical microscopy revealed that the calluses of the immature zygotics embryos come as a source of responsive explante to the embryogenesis, showing indications of formation of somatic embryos. In relation to propagates capacity there was not significant difference for the variable number of sprouts between the 6th and 7th month of cultivation, however there was a decrease in the number of leaves and in the fresh and dry matter. To the polar and equatorial diameters, there were not significant differences between the cultivations in vitro and in vivo (of field). As it can be observed there was significant difference (p <0,01) among the relationship diameter equatorial/polar, indicating larger symmetry of the estomates (cell-guard + hostile) in the condition of cultivation in vitro. The medium number of estomates for mm2 was different significantly (p <0,01) among the cultivations, being larger in the material in vivo. The stem in vitro showed a great amount of tricomas, the ones which, in vivo (of field), they were not found. The root system was obtained in vitro presents structure rich in tricomas. Due to the juvenile nature and the high regenerative potential, verified through the characteristics of the morphoanatomy to foliate, immature zygotics embryos of C. arabica L. cv. Rubi comes as excellent explantes for propagation in coffee plant in vitro. In the search for probable genes inside of the database CAFEST in C. arabica based on the similarity with the sequence of Coffea canephora for SERK. After the search process and reads selection related to the sequences, the assembly of EST-contigs, alignment between sequences and phylogenetic analysis was accomplished. The analysis of grouping motifs for MEME/MAST revealed sequences containing domains of related amino acids SERK. The expression profile obtained by Electronic Northern revealed a larger expression of the sequences in the libraries of calluses and cells in suspension as if he waited, due to expected cellular competence of those materials. Woven that present totipotence as explantes sources as hypocotyls, seeds, floral buds, fruits and leaves were also visualized containing expressions of those genes candidates. This way, it was possible to identify 12 probable sequences (07 contigs and 05 singlets) related to SERK in the database of CAFEST for Coffea arabica L. Of the which at least C9 presents strong similarity indications with the protein SERK of C. canephora.
It was intended in this work be obtained alternatives to the explant to foliate and nodal seeking the micropropagation of you cultivate of coffee plants related to the quality of the drink, like ‘Bourbon Amarelo’ and to the productivity as the ‘Rubi’ for the south area of Minas Gerais. A main plant of Bourbon Amarelo was used for obtaining of the fruits in stage verde-cana from where was extracted the immature zygotics embryos. We observed that the percentile largest of growth could be identified to the 15 days of cultivation of the immature zygotics embryos in medium containing 99,91 μM of TDZ. The medium number of sprouts in the area of the incision in the hypocotyls of the embryo went larger for BAP (97,69 μM). With the increase of the concentration of BAP the number of leaves of the sprouts increases proportionally. When observing the variable number of leaves separately under the effect of BAP in comparison with CIN and TDZ observed his beneficial effect due to the increase of his concentration. The oxidant effect of the 2,4-D caused by the high concentrations arrived to 90% of oxidation probability, it would be related possibly to the character herbicide of the composition. The behavior of TDZ and BAP, in spite of they present a smaller probability than for the growth of the callus, they reveal his performance in the development of the same. For the callus of cultivating Rubi it was observed SEM that the cells accumulate great amount of grains of starch, suggesting that the grains of starch can be used as initial markers of the embryogenic potential. The optical microscopy revealed that the calluses of the immature zygotics embryos come as a source of responsive explante to the embryogenesis, showing indications of formation of somatic embryos. In relation to propagates capacity there was not significant difference for the variable number of sprouts between the 6th and 7th month of cultivation, however there was a decrease in the number of leaves and in the fresh and dry matter. To the polar and equatorial diameters, there were not significant differences between the cultivations in vitro and in vivo (of field). As it can be observed there was significant difference (p <0,01) among the relationship diameter equatorial/polar, indicating larger symmetry of the estomates (cell-guard + hostile) in the condition of cultivation in vitro. The medium number of estomates for mm2 was different significantly (p <0,01) among the cultivations, being larger in the material in vivo. The stem in vitro showed a great amount of tricomas, the ones which, in vivo (of field), they were not found. The root system was obtained in vitro presents structure rich in tricomas. Due to the juvenile nature and the high regenerative potential, verified through the characteristics of the morphoanatomy to foliate, immature zygotics embryos of C. arabica L. cv. Rubi comes as excellent explantes for propagation in coffee plant in vitro. In the search for probable genes inside of the database CAFEST in C. arabica based on the similarity with the sequence of Coffea canephora for SERK. After the search process and reads selection related to the sequences, the assembly of EST-contigs, alignment between sequences and phylogenetic analysis was accomplished. The analysis of grouping motifs for MEME/MAST revealed sequences containing domains of related amino acids SERK. The expression profile obtained by Electronic Northern revealed a larger expression of the sequences in the libraries of calluses and cells in suspension as if he waited, due to expected cellular competence of those materials. Woven that present totipotence as explantes sources as hypocotyls, seeds, floral buds, fruits and leaves were also visualized containing expressions of those genes candidates. This way, it was possible to identify 12 probable sequences (07 contigs and 05 singlets) related to SERK in the database of CAFEST for Coffea arabica L. Of the which at least C9 presents strong similarity indications with the protein SERK of C. canephora.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Morfogênese in vitro, Bioinformática, Cultura de tecidos, Micropropagação, Biologia molecular
Citação
LACERDA, G. A. Obtenção e caracterização de calos e plântulas a partir de embriões zigóticos imaturos de Coffea arabica L. e análise in silico do gene SERK. 2008. 150 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2008.