Avaliação da solução do solo e desenvolvimento inicial de cafeeiro conilon em decorrência da aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura
Data
2018-07-31
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Economia de fertilizantes, diminuição dos impactos negativos ao ambiente e preservação das fontes de água de boa qualidade tem sido apresentados como fatores importantes decorrentes da utilização de águas residuárias em cultivos agrícolas. Porém,apesar dos benefícios acima citados o desenvolvimento de pesquisas relacionadas ao tema apontam que a realização desta prática de forma incorreta pode acarretar na contaminação dos recursos naturais e afetar negativamente a produção agrícola. Nesse âmbito, destaca-se a importância do monitoramento dos atributos da solução do solo, para o entendimento da funcionalidade do sistema solução-solo-planta. Portanto, monitorar valores de pH, condutividade elétrica e concentração de íons se faz necessária nessas tomadas de decisões, assim como avaliar potenciais riscos de contaminação e danos à estrutura do solo decorrentes das aplicações de água residuária. Objetivou-se de um modo geral, avaliar os efeitos do parcelamento da ARS nos atributos químicos da solução do solo, e no desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de café conilon cv. Robusta, em três texturas de solo. O trabalho foi conduzido na área experimental do centro de ciências agrárias e engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, no município de Alegre – ES. Utilizou-se a cultura do café conilon cv Robusta, onde as plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de 50 dm3 espaçados em 0,8m entre vasos e 1,0m entre linhas, os vasos foram preenchidos com 40dm3 de solo. O experimento foi montado no esquema de parcelas subdivididas (3x4x9), sendo nas parcelas o fator textura do solo em três níveis (textura argilosa, média e arenosa), nas sub parcelas o fator parcelamento de ARS e adubação mineral em quatro níveis (Adubação mineral convencional ofertada via cloreto de potássio, seguindo a recomendação do manual de adubação e calagem para o estado do Espírito Santo; ARSK1: 100% do potássio, fornecido via ARS até atingir a recomendação (12,50g); ARSK2: 100% do potássio, fornecido via ARS dividido em dois parceamentos num intervalo de 30 dias entre eles (6,25g em cada); ARSK3: 100% do potássio, fornecido via ARS, dividido em 3 parcelamentos num intervalo de 30 dias entre eles (4,16g em cada)), e nas sub parcelas o fator coleta da solução do solo em nove níveis (aos 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 e 90 dias do ínício das aplicações), num deliniamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A aplicação dos parcelamentos deu-se ao 17 dias de transplantio das plantas. O volume de ARS utilizado foi calculado de acordo com a quantidade potássio presente na ARS. A aplicação foi feita de acordo com necessidade de irrigação até atingir a recomendação, após, a irrigação foi feita com água. Foram monitorados pH, CE, Na e K na solução do solo por meio de extratores de cápsula porosa instalados em cada unidade, a cada 10 dias, ao longo dos 90 dias de experimentação (foram realizadas 9 coletas de solução). Com os resultados do monitoramento da concentração de nutrientes no solo, calculou-se a razão de adsorção de sódio e potássio (RAS e RAP respectivamente). Aos 90 dias de experimentação, realizou-se também a medição de área foliar, altura de plantas e massa seca de parte aérea e raiz. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância a 5% de probabilidade. O efeito significativo, para os dados qualitativos foram comparados pelo teste de Skott-Knott a 5% de significância, e os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de regressão. Para a variável pH, houve efeito significativo nas três texturas de solo apenas para o parcelamento em três vezes, já para a variável CE, houve efeito significativo apenas no parcelamento em duas vezes nas texturas de solo média e arenosa. O parcelamento de ARS dividido em três vezes nas três texturas de solo, apresentaram maiores valores médios de acúmulo de Na+ na solução ao término do experimento, inferindo-se que esse parcelamento contribui com a permanência do íon na solução. Para o íon potássio, houve efeito significativo de todos os parcelamentos de ARS nos solos de textura argilosa e arenosa, para a textura média, apenas os parcelamentos de ARS em duas e três vezes apresentaram efeito significativo. A RAS e RAP apontaram potenciais riscos ao solo de textura argilosa. Para o solo de textura argilosa, o parcelamento da ARS em três vezes não foi viável para o desenvolvimento inicial da cultura do cafeeiro conilon. Para o solo de textura média o parcelamento da ARS em três vezes foi eficiente para o incremento das variáveis estudadas, apresentando viabilidade na aplicação da ARS no desenvolvimento inicial das plantas de café conilon. Para o solo de textura arenosa, a aplicação dos parcelamento de ARS apresenta os mesmos efeitos da adubação mineral.
Fertilizer economics, reduction of negative impacts on the environment and preservation of good quality water sources have been presented as important factors due to the use of wastewater in agricultural crops. However, despite the aforementioned benefits, the development of research related to the subject point that the practice of this practice in an incorrect way can cause nacontaminação of the natural resources and negatively affect the agricultural production. In this context, the importance of monitoring the attributes of the soil solution is highlighted, in order to understand the functionality of the solution- soil-plant system. Therefore, monitoring pH values, electrical conductivity and ion concentration is necessary in these decision making, as well as assessing the potential risks of contamination and damages to the soil structure resulting from the wastewater applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the degradation of ARS on the chemical attributes of the soil solution and on the initial development of decafé conilon cv. Robust in three soil textures. The work was conducted in the experimental area of the Agrarian Sciences and Engineering Center of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, in the municipality of Alegre - ES. The culture of the coffee conilon cv Robusta was used, where the plants were cultivated in pots of 50 dm3 spaced in 0.8m between pots and 1.0m between rows, the pots were filled with 40dm3 of soil. The experiment was set up in the sub-split plots scheme (3x4x9). The soil texture factor in three levels (clayey, medium and sandy texture) was plotted in the subplots, the split plot of ARS and mineral fertilization in four levels (Conventional mineral fertilization offered by potassium chloride, following the recommendation of the manual of fertilization and liming for the state of Espírito Santo, ARSK1: 100% of the potassium, provided by ARS until reaching the recommendation (12.50g), ARSK2: 100% of the potassium, supplied ARSK3: 100% of the potassium, provided by ARS, divided into 3 splits in a 30-day interval between them (4.16g in each) ), and in the subsubjects the soil solution collection factor in nine levels (at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days from the start of the applications), in a randomized block design with four replications. The application of the parcels occurred after 17 days of plant transplanting. The volume of ARS used was calculated according to the amount of potassium present in ARS. The application was made according to the need of irrigation until reaching the recommendation, after, the irrigation was done with water. PH, CE, Na and K in the soil solution were monitored by means of porous capsule extractors installed in each unit, every 10 days, during the 90 days of experimentation (9 samples were collected). With the results of the monitoring of nutrient concentration in the soil, the sodium and potassium adsorption ratio (RAS and RAP, respectively) was calculated. At 90 days of experimentation, measurements of leaf area, plant height and dry mass of shoot and root were also performed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance at 5% probability. The significant effect for the qualitative data were compared by the Skott-Knott test at 5% significance, and the quantitative data were analyzed by means of regression. For the pH variable, there was a significant effect on the three soil textures only for the three-fold subdivision, as for the CE variable, there was a significant effect only in the two-fold splitting in the medium and sandy soil textures. The split of ARS divided in three times in the three soil textures, presented higher average values of Na + accumulation in the solution at the end of the experiment, inferring that this partitioning contributes with the permanence of the ion in the solution. For the potassium ion, there was a significant effect of all ARS plotting on clayey and sandy soils for the medium texture, only the two and three times ARS schedules had a significant effect. The RAS and RAP pointed out potential hazards to clay soil. For clayey soils, the three-fold degradation of ARS was not feasible for the initial development of the conilon coffee crop. For the medium - textured soil, the three - time ARS parceling was efficient for the increment of the studied variables, presenting viability in the application of ARS in the initial development of conilon coffee plants. For sandy soils, the application of ARS parceling has the same effects as mineral.
Fertilizer economics, reduction of negative impacts on the environment and preservation of good quality water sources have been presented as important factors due to the use of wastewater in agricultural crops. However, despite the aforementioned benefits, the development of research related to the subject point that the practice of this practice in an incorrect way can cause nacontaminação of the natural resources and negatively affect the agricultural production. In this context, the importance of monitoring the attributes of the soil solution is highlighted, in order to understand the functionality of the solution- soil-plant system. Therefore, monitoring pH values, electrical conductivity and ion concentration is necessary in these decision making, as well as assessing the potential risks of contamination and damages to the soil structure resulting from the wastewater applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the degradation of ARS on the chemical attributes of the soil solution and on the initial development of decafé conilon cv. Robust in three soil textures. The work was conducted in the experimental area of the Agrarian Sciences and Engineering Center of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, in the municipality of Alegre - ES. The culture of the coffee conilon cv Robusta was used, where the plants were cultivated in pots of 50 dm3 spaced in 0.8m between pots and 1.0m between rows, the pots were filled with 40dm3 of soil. The experiment was set up in the sub-split plots scheme (3x4x9). The soil texture factor in three levels (clayey, medium and sandy texture) was plotted in the subplots, the split plot of ARS and mineral fertilization in four levels (Conventional mineral fertilization offered by potassium chloride, following the recommendation of the manual of fertilization and liming for the state of Espírito Santo, ARSK1: 100% of the potassium, provided by ARS until reaching the recommendation (12.50g), ARSK2: 100% of the potassium, supplied ARSK3: 100% of the potassium, provided by ARS, divided into 3 splits in a 30-day interval between them (4.16g in each) ), and in the subsubjects the soil solution collection factor in nine levels (at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days from the start of the applications), in a randomized block design with four replications. The application of the parcels occurred after 17 days of plant transplanting. The volume of ARS used was calculated according to the amount of potassium present in ARS. The application was made according to the need of irrigation until reaching the recommendation, after, the irrigation was done with water. PH, CE, Na and K in the soil solution were monitored by means of porous capsule extractors installed in each unit, every 10 days, during the 90 days of experimentation (9 samples were collected). With the results of the monitoring of nutrient concentration in the soil, the sodium and potassium adsorption ratio (RAS and RAP, respectively) was calculated. At 90 days of experimentation, measurements of leaf area, plant height and dry mass of shoot and root were also performed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance at 5% probability. The significant effect for the qualitative data were compared by the Skott-Knott test at 5% significance, and the quantitative data were analyzed by means of regression. For the pH variable, there was a significant effect on the three soil textures only for the three-fold subdivision, as for the CE variable, there was a significant effect only in the two-fold splitting in the medium and sandy soil textures. The split of ARS divided in three times in the three soil textures, presented higher average values of Na + accumulation in the solution at the end of the experiment, inferring that this partitioning contributes with the permanence of the ion in the solution. For the potassium ion, there was a significant effect of all ARS plotting on clayey and sandy soils for the medium texture, only the two and three times ARS schedules had a significant effect. The RAS and RAP pointed out potential hazards to clay soil. For clayey soils, the three-fold degradation of ARS was not feasible for the initial development of the conilon coffee crop. For the medium - textured soil, the three - time ARS parceling was efficient for the increment of the studied variables, presenting viability in the application of ARS in the initial development of conilon coffee plants. For sandy soils, the application of ARS parceling has the same effects as mineral.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Análise, Reuso, Suinocultura, Café conilon
Citação
BRUMAT, A. E. L. Avaliação da solução do solo e desenvolvimento inicial de cafeeiro conilon em decorrência da aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura. 2018. 55 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre. 2018.