Diversidade genética e seleção de progênies de cafeeiros do grupo “Big Coffee VL”
Data
2016-11-21
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O melhoramento genético do cafeeiro tem tomado diversas vertentes, pois o mercado tem se tornado cada vez mais exigente. Dentre os objetivos do melhoramento do cafeeiro está o aumento no tamanho de grãos. A obtenção de grãos de peneiras altas permite uma maior agregação de valor ao produto, principalmente em se tratando de cafés especiais. Assim objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar caracteres de crescimento e produção, para estimação da diversidade genética e seleção, de progênies de cafeeiros Big Coffee VL (Coffea arabica) cultivados na UFLA, cuja principal característica é frutos maiores do que os de cafeeiros comuns. Em 1989, em uma lavoura cafeeira (Coffea arabica), em Capitólio-MG, foi encontrado um cafeeiro diferente dos demais, apresentando folhas e frutos grandes em relação aos cafeeiros comuns, e foi nomeado como “Big Coffee VL”. Posteriormente progênies desse cafeeiro foram cultivadas em Piumhí-MG e em 2012 foram coletadas sementes dessas progênies e instalado o experimento na Universidade Federal de Lavras, marcando o início de um programa de melhoramento para aumento do tamanho do grão. Foram avaliadas 100 progênies do cafeeiro Big Coffee VL dispostas no delineamento de latice 10 x 10, com 23 repetições. Foram avaliados os caracteres produtividade, número de pares de ramos plagiotrópicos, números de nós dos ramos plagiotrópicos, altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule e vigor vegetativo. Com base nestes caracteres foram realizados estudos de diversidade genética, usando métodos estatísticos multivariados, e predição do valor genético das progênies via abordagem de modelos mistos. Foi detectada a existência de variabilidade genética entre as progênies, além de diferenças quanto ao desempenho agronômico, sendo possível a identificação e seleção daquelas promissoras na condução do programa de melhoramento.
The Coffee breeding has taken several ways, since the market has become more demanding, and among the coffee breeding aims are the increase the grain size. Obtaining coffee beans with high sieves gives an added value to the product, principally when it comes to specialty coffees production. Thus the aim with this study was to evaluate growth traits and production, to estimate the genetic diversity and selection, of Big Coffee VL (Coffea arabica) cultivated in UFLA, which, its main trait is larger fruits than common coffee. In 1989, in a coffee plantation (C. arabica), in Capitólio -MG, a different coffee plant was found, presenting larger leaves and fruits than those of common coffee trees and was named as “Big Coffee VL.” Subsequently, progenies from these coffee trees were grown in Piumhi-MG, and in 2012 seeds from these progenies were collected and installed the experiment at the Federal University of Lavras, marking the beginning of a breeding program to increase the grain size. We evaluated 100 Big Coffee VL progenies and the adopted design was lattice 10x10 with 23 replicates. The traits evaluated were productivity, pair numbers of plagiotropic branches, nodes number of plagiotropic branches, plant height, stem diameter and vegetative vigor. Based on these traits were carried out studies of genetic diversity, using multivariate statistical methods, and prediction of the breeding values of the progenies using mixed models. The existence of genetic diversity was found among progenies, as well as differences in agronomic performance, being possible the identification and selection of those promising in conducting the breeding program.
The Coffee breeding has taken several ways, since the market has become more demanding, and among the coffee breeding aims are the increase the grain size. Obtaining coffee beans with high sieves gives an added value to the product, principally when it comes to specialty coffees production. Thus the aim with this study was to evaluate growth traits and production, to estimate the genetic diversity and selection, of Big Coffee VL (Coffea arabica) cultivated in UFLA, which, its main trait is larger fruits than common coffee. In 1989, in a coffee plantation (C. arabica), in Capitólio -MG, a different coffee plant was found, presenting larger leaves and fruits than those of common coffee trees and was named as “Big Coffee VL.” Subsequently, progenies from these coffee trees were grown in Piumhi-MG, and in 2012 seeds from these progenies were collected and installed the experiment at the Federal University of Lavras, marking the beginning of a breeding program to increase the grain size. We evaluated 100 Big Coffee VL progenies and the adopted design was lattice 10x10 with 23 replicates. The traits evaluated were productivity, pair numbers of plagiotropic branches, nodes number of plagiotropic branches, plant height, stem diameter and vegetative vigor. Based on these traits were carried out studies of genetic diversity, using multivariate statistical methods, and prediction of the breeding values of the progenies using mixed models. The existence of genetic diversity was found among progenies, as well as differences in agronomic performance, being possible the identification and selection of those promising in conducting the breeding program.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Progênies, Seleção, Melhoramento genético
Citação
SILVA, J. A. Diversidade genética e seleção de progênies de cafeeiros do grupo “Big Coffee VL”. 2016. 66 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2016.