Crescimento vegetativo e acúmulo de nutrientes em Coffea canephora na Amazônia Ocidental
Data
2015-02-24
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento vegetativo de ramos, a concentração e acúmulo de nutrientes em frutos e folhas de cafeeiro sob distintos manejos de adubação na Amazônia Sul Ocidental. O experimento foi realizado no município de Rolim de Moura, Rondônia, em lavoura propagada por estacas com 2,5 anos de idade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados em esquema de parcela subdividida no tempo, com três repetições. A parcela principal foi constituída por dois manejos de adubação (ausência e presença) e nas subparcelas as épocas de avaliação (mensuração dos ramos e coletas de frutos e folhas). O crescimento dos ramos diferiu em função do manejo da adubação, sendo que no período compreendido entre início de outubro ao início de dezembro ramos de plantas que foram adubadas expressaram taxas de crescimento maior do que ramos de plantas não adubadas. Houve variações sazonais de crescimento ao longo do ano, maiores taxas de crescimento ocorrem de meados de setembro ao início de abril, época caracterizada de estação chuvosa na região. A adubação mineral influi sobre a concentração no fruto, na folha e acúmulo nos frutos para nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, manganês, ferro e zinco. A concentração para a maioria dos nutrientes nos frutos são maiores no início da formação. E, proporcionalmente menores a partir do desenvolvimento do fruto, excetuando-se o potássio que se comporta de forma distinta, mantendo-se elevado teor no fruto em todos os estádios de desenvolvimento. Já nas folhas, baixas concentrações ocorrem no início da formação do fruto e tende a aumentar posteriormente. Maior parte do acúmulo dos nutrientes nos frutos ocorre nos estádios de expansão, granação e maturação, sugerindo-se maior demanda nutricional neste período.
The objective was to evaluate the vegetative growth of branches, the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in fruits and coffee leaves under different managements of fertilizer in South Western Amazon. The experiment was conducted in Rolim de Moura municipality, Rondônia, in crops propagated by cuttings 2.5 years old. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split plot scheme in time, with three replications. The main plot consisted of two fertilization managements (absence and presence) and the plots of the evaluation time (measurement of branches and fruit collections and leaves). Branch growth differed depending on fertilization management, and in the period from early October to early December branches of plants that were fertilized expressed growth rates higher than branches of plants not fertilized. There were seasonal changes in growth throughout the year, the highest growth rates occur from mid-September to early April, characterized time of rainy season in the region. The mineral fertilization influences the concentration in the fruit on the sheet and accumulation in fruit for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron and zinc. The concentration for most of the nutrients in the fruit are larger at the start of training. And proportionately lower from the development of the fruit, except for potassium that behaves differently, keeping high content of fruit in all stages of development. Since the leaves, low concentrations occur at the beginning of fruit formation and then tends to increase. Most of the accumulation of nutrients in fruits occurs in the expansion stages of grain formation and maturation, suggesting a higher nutritional demand during this period.
The objective was to evaluate the vegetative growth of branches, the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in fruits and coffee leaves under different managements of fertilizer in South Western Amazon. The experiment was conducted in Rolim de Moura municipality, Rondônia, in crops propagated by cuttings 2.5 years old. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split plot scheme in time, with three replications. The main plot consisted of two fertilization managements (absence and presence) and the plots of the evaluation time (measurement of branches and fruit collections and leaves). Branch growth differed depending on fertilization management, and in the period from early October to early December branches of plants that were fertilized expressed growth rates higher than branches of plants not fertilized. There were seasonal changes in growth throughout the year, the highest growth rates occur from mid-September to early April, characterized time of rainy season in the region. The mineral fertilization influences the concentration in the fruit on the sheet and accumulation in fruit for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron and zinc. The concentration for most of the nutrients in the fruit are larger at the start of training. And proportionately lower from the development of the fruit, except for potassium that behaves differently, keeping high content of fruit in all stages of development. Since the leaves, low concentrations occur at the beginning of fruit formation and then tends to increase. Most of the accumulation of nutrients in fruits occurs in the expansion stages of grain formation and maturation, suggesting a higher nutritional demand during this period.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Coffea canephora, Crescimento, Análise foliar, Reprodução, Adubação
Citação
DUBBERSTEIN, D. Crescimento vegetativo e acúmulo de nutrientes em Coffea canephora na Amazônia Ocidental. 2015. 86 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura Tropical) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus. 2015.