Cinética de secagem de café natural e suas relações com a qualidade para diferentes temperaturas e umidades relativas do ar
Data
2011-10-21
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O processamento do café pela via seca, pelo qual são produzidos os cafés naturais, é o método mais utilizado no Brasil. Frequentemente, são encontrados relatos na literatura que indicam pior qualidade do café natural em relação aos cafés processados pela via úmida, tornando-se necessário investimentos em pesquisas, no Brasil, tendo em vista a produção de cafés naturais de qualidade. A secagem é um dos principais fatores que influenciam a qualidade do café natural. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a cinética de secagem e suas relações com a qualidade do café natural. Para isso foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro experimento, foram avaliados os efeitos de três temperaturas de bulbo seco (35 °C, 40 °C e 45 °C) e três temperaturas de ponto de orvalho (2,6 °C 10,8 °C e 16,2 °C) do ar de secagem na cinética de secagem do café natural. Os modelos de Midilli modificado e de resíduos sucessivos com dois termos foram os mais adequados para descrever o processo de secagem. A elevação da temperatura de bulbo seco e a redução da temperatura de ponto de orvalho aumentam o coeficiente de difusividade efetivo e a taxa de secagem e reduzem o tempo de secagem. No segundo experimento foram avaliados os efeitos imediatos e latentes de três temperaturas de bulbo seco (35 °C, 40 °C e 45 °C) e três taxas de secagem para cada temperatura de bulbo seco na composição química e na qualidade fisiológica e sensorial do café natural. Os dados observados permitiram concluir que: a temperatura de 35°C é recomendada para a produção de cafés naturais especiais; a temperatura de 45°C não é recomendada para a produção de cafés naturais especiais; a taxa de secagem interfere na qualidade do café natural; a elevação da taxa de secagem, para as temperaturas de 35 °C e 40 °C tem efeito negativo sobre qualidade do café natural; a qualidade do café natural é influenciada, principalmente, pelos danos térmicos na secagem com ar aquecido a 45°C e cafés naturais submetidos à temperatura de secagem de 35°C e baixas taxas de secagem apresentaram melhor qualidade em comparação com os cafés secados em leito suspenso. O terceiro experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de se estudar os efeitos da temperatura de secagem (35 °C, 40 °C e 45 °C) e do manejo da secagem, com pré-secagem em leito suspenso ou secagem completa em secador, na qualidade do café natural. Os dados observados permitiram concluir que: temperaturas de secagem superiores a 40 °C são prejudiciais à qualidade do café natural e a secagem completa em secadores mecânicos à temperaturas máximas de 40°C não prejudica a qualidade do café natural.
The dry method, by which natural coffees are produced, is the most coffee processing method used in Brazil. Reports of poor quality of natural coffee are frequently found in the literature, becoming necessary investments in research with a view to producing natural coffees with high quality. Drying is one of the main influencing factors on the quality of natural coffee. This work was carried out with the objective to study the drying kinetics and their relationship with the quality of natural coffee. For this purpose three experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the effects of three dry bulb temperatures (35, 40 and 45 °C) and three dew point temperatures (2.6, 10.8 and 16.2 °C) of the air drying in the drying kinetics of natural coffees were evaluated. The modified Midilli and successive residues, with two terms, models were the most adequate for describing the drying process. The raise in dry bulb and reduction in dew point temperature increased the effective diffusivity coefficient and drying rate and reduced drying time. In the second experiment were evaluate the instant and latent effects of three dry bulb temperatures (35, 40 and 45°C) and three drying rates for each dry bulb temperature in the chemical composition and physiological and sensory quality of natural coffee. It can be concluded that: temperature of 35 °C is recommended for the production of specialty natural coffees; temperature of 45 °C is not recommended for the production of specialty natural coffees; the drying rate influences in the quality of the natural coffee; raising the rate of drying at temperatures of 35 and 40 °C has a negative effect on the quality of natural coffee; the quality of natural coffee is influenced mainly by the thermal damage in dry with air heated to 45 °C and natural coffees dried at a temperature of 35 °C and low drying rates showed better quality in comparison with the dried coffee on sun dried. The third experiment was evaluated with the objective to study the effects of drying temperatures (35, 40 and 45 °C) and the management of drying, (pre-drying on suspended bed and complete drying with heated air), in the quality of natural coffee. The observed data showed that: drying temperatures above 40 °C are harmful to quality of natural coffee and the complete drying in mechanical dryers to the maximum temperatures of 40 °C did not affect the quality of natural coffee.
The dry method, by which natural coffees are produced, is the most coffee processing method used in Brazil. Reports of poor quality of natural coffee are frequently found in the literature, becoming necessary investments in research with a view to producing natural coffees with high quality. Drying is one of the main influencing factors on the quality of natural coffee. This work was carried out with the objective to study the drying kinetics and their relationship with the quality of natural coffee. For this purpose three experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the effects of three dry bulb temperatures (35, 40 and 45 °C) and three dew point temperatures (2.6, 10.8 and 16.2 °C) of the air drying in the drying kinetics of natural coffees were evaluated. The modified Midilli and successive residues, with two terms, models were the most adequate for describing the drying process. The raise in dry bulb and reduction in dew point temperature increased the effective diffusivity coefficient and drying rate and reduced drying time. In the second experiment were evaluate the instant and latent effects of three dry bulb temperatures (35, 40 and 45°C) and three drying rates for each dry bulb temperature in the chemical composition and physiological and sensory quality of natural coffee. It can be concluded that: temperature of 35 °C is recommended for the production of specialty natural coffees; temperature of 45 °C is not recommended for the production of specialty natural coffees; the drying rate influences in the quality of the natural coffee; raising the rate of drying at temperatures of 35 and 40 °C has a negative effect on the quality of natural coffee; the quality of natural coffee is influenced mainly by the thermal damage in dry with air heated to 45 °C and natural coffees dried at a temperature of 35 °C and low drying rates showed better quality in comparison with the dried coffee on sun dried. The third experiment was evaluated with the objective to study the effects of drying temperatures (35, 40 and 45 °C) and the management of drying, (pre-drying on suspended bed and complete drying with heated air), in the quality of natural coffee. The observed data showed that: drying temperatures above 40 °C are harmful to quality of natural coffee and the complete drying in mechanical dryers to the maximum temperatures of 40 °C did not affect the quality of natural coffee.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Cafés especiais, Temperatura de ponto de orvalho, Taxa de secagem, Dano térmico
Citação
ISQUIERDO, E. P. Cinética de secagem de café natural e suas relações com a qualidade para diferentes temperaturas e umidades relativas do ar. 2011. 157 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência dos Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2011.