Preparação e aplicação de compósitos de carvão ativado e óxido de ferro, preparados a partir do defeito PVA do café na remoção de poluentes do meio aquoso
Data
2008-02-26
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Os defeitos preto, verde e ardido (PVA), que constituem 20% da produção total do café, devem ser separados dos grãos não defeituosos para não comprometerem a qualidade final da bebida. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar esses rejeitos para a produção de materiais adsorventes e catalisadores para a utilização em reações de oxidação. Os experimentos foram realizados em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram preparados carvões ativados (CAs) a partir do defeito PVA, utilizando como agente ativante cloreto de zinco ou ácido fosfórico. Os carvões obtidos foram caracterizados por: espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), análise elementar (CHN), medida de área superficial (BET), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) e análise termogravimétrica (ATG). Foram realizados testes de adsorção com os compostos orgânicos modelo: azul de metileno (AM), vermelho reativo (VR), triadimenol (TRD) e o ânion cromo (VI), na forma de dicromato. Na segunda etapa, foram preparados compósitos CA/óxido de ferro (goethita, α- FeOOH), na proporção de 1:0,005 (m/m). Os materiais foram caracterizados por: difratometria de raios X (XRD), espectroscopia Mössbauer, BET, FTIR e SEM. A atividade catalítica dos materiais foi testada na oxidação do AM e TRD. Os testes catalíticos foram realizados com e sem a presença de ácidos orgânicos (ácido picolínico - PIC e dipicolínico - PDC). Os materiais produzidos foram eficientes na oxidação de compostos orgânicos em meio aquoso.
The black, green and sour (PVA) coffee defect contribute with ca. 20% of the total coffee production. It should be separate from the normal coffee grains in order to improve the final quality of the beverage. In this way, the present work has the objective to use this reject for the production of adsorbents and materials with catalytic properties for using in the oxidation reactions. Experiments were carried out in two steps: in the first one, activated carbons were prepared from PVA defect using as activating agents zinc chloride and phosphoric acid. The resulting activated carbons were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elementary analysis (CHN), surface area measurements (BET), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (ATG). The adsorption tests were carried out using as organic models methylene blue (AM), reactive red (VR) and triadimenol (TRD). Chromium (VI) anion in dichromate form was also used. In the second stage, composites CA/iron oxide (goethite, α- FeOOH) in the ratio 1:0,005 (w/w) were prepared. The materials were characterized by X-rays diffractometry (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, BET, FTIR and SEM. Catalytic activity of the materials was tested in the oxidation of AM and TRD. The catalytic tests were carried out with and without organic acids [picolinic (PIC) and dipicolinic acid (PDC)]. The produced materials have shown good catalytic activity in the oxidation of organic compounds in aqueous media.
The black, green and sour (PVA) coffee defect contribute with ca. 20% of the total coffee production. It should be separate from the normal coffee grains in order to improve the final quality of the beverage. In this way, the present work has the objective to use this reject for the production of adsorbents and materials with catalytic properties for using in the oxidation reactions. Experiments were carried out in two steps: in the first one, activated carbons were prepared from PVA defect using as activating agents zinc chloride and phosphoric acid. The resulting activated carbons were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elementary analysis (CHN), surface area measurements (BET), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (ATG). The adsorption tests were carried out using as organic models methylene blue (AM), reactive red (VR) and triadimenol (TRD). Chromium (VI) anion in dichromate form was also used. In the second stage, composites CA/iron oxide (goethite, α- FeOOH) in the ratio 1:0,005 (w/w) were prepared. The materials were characterized by X-rays diffractometry (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, BET, FTIR and SEM. Catalytic activity of the materials was tested in the oxidation of AM and TRD. The catalytic tests were carried out with and without organic acids [picolinic (PIC) and dipicolinic acid (PDC)]. The produced materials have shown good catalytic activity in the oxidation of organic compounds in aqueous media.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Carvão ativado, Defeito PVA do café, Compósito, Óxido de ferro, Poluente orgânico, Oxidação
Citação
RAMOS, P. H. Preparação e aplicação de compósitos de carvão ativado e óxido de ferro, preparados a partir do defeito PVA do café na remoção de poluentes do meio aquoso. 2008. 88 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2008