MORFOMETRIA CELULAR NA ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DE GRÃOS DE CAFÉ NAS ETAPAS DO PROCESSAMENTO VIA ÚMIDA E DURANTE O ARMAZENAMENTO
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2011
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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade do café (Coffea arabica L.), obtido de quatro etapas do processamento via úmida, utilizando-se morfometria celular (por análise da estrutura anatômica do endosperma), prova de xícara e características físicas dos grãos. Foi utilizado café da variedade Catuaí Vermelho, obtido de propriedade comercial da região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais e processado por via úmida. Procedeu-se uma limpeza retirando folhas, galhos e pedras misturados aos frutos e, em seguida, retirou-se uma quantidade de frutos de café para a composição da amostra “Lavador” (etapa 1). Em seguida, os frutos cerejas e verdes foram separados dos frutos bóias e outra amostra foi retirada, composta pelos frutos mais densos (cereja e verde), sendo denominada “Separador” (etapa 2). Na sequência, os frutos seguiram para o descascador e, após terem sido descascados, retirou-se a terceira amostra, “Descascador” (etapa 3). Os grãos de café cereja envolvidos apenas com o pergaminho e a mucilagem passaram pela desmucilagem mecânica por meio do atrito entre os grãos e entre os grãos e um cilindro metálico e foi obtido o café desmucilado, etapa denominada “Desmucilador” (etapa 4). Foram analisados o teor de água dos grãos, a qualidade da bebida, a estrutura anatômica do endosperma (quantificada pelo número de paredes celulares do endosperma rompidas), a integridade das paredes celulares pelo teste de condutividade elétrica, a massa específica aparente e o pH. A partir dos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: não foi possível obter uma relação direta entre a etapa de processamento via úmida do café e o aumento do número de paredes celulares rompidas, quantificadas pela morfometria; a análise da morfometria celular refletiu a qualidade pelo teste de bebida sendo esta técnica útil para relacionar a estrutura anatômica do endosperma dos grãos com a qualidade; a bebida apresentou menor padrão de qualidade na etapa 1 (classificado como “Duro”) em relação às demais que apresentaram padrão “Mole” ou “Apenas mole”; a etapa que apresentou a melhor qualidade durante o armazenamento pelas características físicas (cor e massa especifica aparente) e químicas (pH) foi a etapa 3 (“Descascador”).
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the wet processing stages over the quality and drying of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Catuaí Vermelho variety was used, obtained from a commercial property located at Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais state and processed at the pilot unity of coffee berries processing, Viçosa (MG). The beginning of the processing consisted in the removal of leaves, sticks and rocks among the fruits. Afterwards, an amount of coffee fruits was retrieved in order to compose the “Lavador” sample (stage 1). Further, green and mature fruits were separated and another sample was created, denominated “Separador” (stage 2). In the sequence, the fruits were dehulled and in this process were retrieved green fruits composing the third sample, “Descascador” (stage 3). Dehulled coffee was lead to mechanical equipment in order to remove the mucilage by means of the friction among the grain and a metallic cylinder. After this procedure, coffee without mucilage was acquired and the stage was denominated “Desmucilador” (stage 4). Moisture content, drink test, endosperm anatomic structure, integrity of cell walls by means of electrical conductivity test, bulk density and pH were analyzed in order to evaluate the influence of the wet processing stages and storage period over the coffee quality. It was concluded that: a direct relationship between wet processing stages of coffee and the number increase of ruptured cells, quantified by morphometric, was not observed, however, the morphometric data reflected the coffee quality by means of drink test; morphometric technique was useful to relate anatomic structure of coffee grain endosperm with quality; drink test varied between stage 1 and the remaining stages, being classified as an inferior standard at first stage; in general, stage 3 presented lowest values of electrical conductivity; it was verified a reduction of coffee quality measured by physical (bulk density) and chemical (pH) characteristics.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the wet processing stages over the quality and drying of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Catuaí Vermelho variety was used, obtained from a commercial property located at Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais state and processed at the pilot unity of coffee berries processing, Viçosa (MG). The beginning of the processing consisted in the removal of leaves, sticks and rocks among the fruits. Afterwards, an amount of coffee fruits was retrieved in order to compose the “Lavador” sample (stage 1). Further, green and mature fruits were separated and another sample was created, denominated “Separador” (stage 2). In the sequence, the fruits were dehulled and in this process were retrieved green fruits composing the third sample, “Descascador” (stage 3). Dehulled coffee was lead to mechanical equipment in order to remove the mucilage by means of the friction among the grain and a metallic cylinder. After this procedure, coffee without mucilage was acquired and the stage was denominated “Desmucilador” (stage 4). Moisture content, drink test, endosperm anatomic structure, integrity of cell walls by means of electrical conductivity test, bulk density and pH were analyzed in order to evaluate the influence of the wet processing stages and storage period over the coffee quality. It was concluded that: a direct relationship between wet processing stages of coffee and the number increase of ruptured cells, quantified by morphometric, was not observed, however, the morphometric data reflected the coffee quality by means of drink test; morphometric technique was useful to relate anatomic structure of coffee grain endosperm with quality; drink test varied between stage 1 and the remaining stages, being classified as an inferior standard at first stage; in general, stage 3 presented lowest values of electrical conductivity; it was verified a reduction of coffee quality measured by physical (bulk density) and chemical (pH) characteristics.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, parede celular, qualidade de bebida, Coffea arabica, cell wall, beverage quality
Citação
Campos, Silvia de Carvalho Corrêa, Paulo Cesar; Silva, Luzimar Campos da; Botelho, Fernando Mendes; Vasconcellos, Davi de Souza Lima; Baptestini, Fernanda Machado.